Plasma Proteins Flashcards
Protein comes from the Greek word
proteios, meaning “first ranked of importance”.
Proteins are synthesized in the liver and secreted by the hepatocytes into the circulation, except
immunoglobulins
immunoglobulins are from what type of cells
plasma cells
amino acids are linked to another via a
peptide bond
is formed when the carboxyl (-COOH) group of one amino acid links to the amino
(NH2) group of another amino acid with the loss of a water molecule.
Peptide bond
End of protein structure with a free amino group.
N-terminal
End of protein structure with a free carboxyl group.
C-terminal
Proteins consists of –% nitrogen, which differentiates proteins from
carbohydrates and lipids
16%
It is the linear sequence of the amino acids
primary structure
It involves the winding of the polypeptide chain.
secondary structure
It is the actual three-dimensional configuration; the
folding pattern of proteins.
tertiary structure
It is the actual three-dimensional configuration; the
folding pattern of proteins.
Quaternary Structure
protein that has no quarternary structure
albumin, it is a single polypeptide chain
They contain peptide chains which on hydrolysis yield only amino acids
Simple Proteins
Composed of protein (apoprotein) and nonprotein (prosthetic group) components
Conjugated Proteins
Protein with 10 – 40% carbohydrates attached (e.g., haptoglobin)
Glycoproteins
Protein with >40% carbohydrates attached
Mucoproteins
It is a balance between anabolism (synthesis) and catabolism (breakdown)
NITROGEN BALANCE
It is when a protein catabolism exceeds anabolism
Negative Nitrogen Balance
It is when anabolism is greater than catabolism.
Positive Nitrogen Balance
It is characterized by excessive tissue destruction seen in burns, wasting
disease, high fever, and starvation
Negative Nitrogen Balance
Indicator of malnutrition
prealbumin/transthyretin
prealbumin/transthyretin in poor nutrition
decreased
major contributor to oncotic pressure
albumin
albumin level in dehydration
increased
albumin is a sensitive and highly prognostic marker in cases of..
cystic fibrosis
major immunoglobulin in serum
IgG
first immunoglobulin made by fetus
IgM
only immunoglobulin that crosses the placenta
IgG
major immunoglobulin found in secretions
IgA
found in B cell surface and serves as receptor for antigen
IgD
least common serum immunoglobulin
IgE
involves in allergic reactions cause it binds to basophils and mast cells
IgE
3rd most abundant immunoglobulin
IgM
burnt sugar odor to urine, breath, skin
maple syrup urine disease
sweaty feet odor of urine and skin
isovaleric
urine has cabbage odor
tyrosemia
