Plasma Proteins Flashcards
function of haemoglob and myoglobin
haemoglobin: o2 transport and storage
myoglobin: o2 storage + supply function in heart and muscle
function of a1, a2 and B-globulins
have various functions
y-globulin function
immune function (immunoglobulins)
Haemoglobin
major globular protein. 4 polypeptide chains (two a and two B). contains two dimers of aB subunits. held together by non-covalent bonds.
each chain is a subunit that has a heme group in the middle which carries O2.
one HB molecules has 4 heme groups so can carry 4 O2 molecules
define and give an example of a co-factor
typically a non protein that helps a protein to facilitate its function i.e heme in haemoglobin
what are the two phases of Hb structure
T (taut) structure of deoxyhemoglobin and R (relaxed) structure of oxyhemoglobin
what is HbA1c
where HbA undergoes glycosylation- depending on plasma glucose levels
higher presence of HbA1c levels in diabetes patients.
where might abnormal hemeoglobin arise from
environmental factors i.e vaping
what does HbF mean
foetal hemoglobin
what are 3 examples of abnormal Hbs
- carboxy-Hb- where CO replaces O and is bound 200x tighter than O2 (in smokers)
- Met-Hb has oxidized iron (ferric ion Fe3+) which cannot carry O2
- Sulf-Hb forms when higher sulfur levels are in the blood- is an irreversible reaction
how may disordered hemoglobin be caused
synthesis of structurally abnormal Hb
synth of insufficient amounts of normal Hb
combo of both these instances
sickle cell disease
caused by mutation in B-globin gene where Glutamic acid is replaced by valine at position 6.
shape of rbcs become sickled -> causes sickle cell anemia
what is the mononuclear layer
layer in which leukocytes and platelets are found
what are the main plasma proteins
albumin, globulins, fibrinogens, other
function of albumin
osmotic pressure
function of globulins
immunoglobulins + transport proteins
functions of fibrinogens
blood clotting
function of remaining plasma proteins
have various roles i.e coagulation factors
what can albumin be used to treat
shock, burns, respiratory distress syndrome, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery
what can IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulins) be used to treat
immunodeficiency diseases, autoimmune disease
what can a1-antitrypsin be used to treat
alpha -1-antitrypsin deficiency
what can coag factors be used to treat
hemophilia, von willebrand disease, bleeding disorders
which is the most abundant plasma proteins
albumin
write a gen note on albumin
