Plasma Protein Systems, Cytokines and Inflammation Outcomes Flashcards
3 things that cause inflammation to occur
Plasma protein systems activated (classical, coagulation, kinin)
Mast cell degranulation
Cellular damage
Plasma proteins are products of the ___. They circulate where?? and what kind of cascade
They are products of the liver that circulate in the blood and cause an enzyme cascade.
What plasma protein system has the hageman factor and what does it activate?
Coagulation and activates complement and kinin.
3 main outcomes of the complement system
Chemotaxis, anaphylaxis (mast cell degran), killing cells by MAC and opsonization by C3B
How is the classical pathway of complement activated
Activated by antibody, antigen complex. Involves adaptive immune system. Activates C1 to start cascade, which is a pro-enzyme.
Which two PPS systems have pro-enzymes
Complement and coagulation
How is the lectin pathway of complement activated
Similar to the classical pathway. activated due to MBL
How is the alternative pathway of complement activated
Activated by binding to pathogen antigens. Binds free floating Cb3 (opsonin) to create C3 converts.
Complement cascade products
C3A and C5A:
Anaphylaxin (mast cell degran)
Chemotaxis
C3B:
Opsonization by alternative pathway
C5B and C6-C9
MAC
What happens if the complement system has a hard time shutting off?
Hereditary angioedema
Two parts of the coagulation system
Intrinsic pathway: Slower. Activated by endothelial damage/bleeding and platelets.
Extrinsic pathway: Activated by external damage and tissue factor.
Both result in activation of fibrinogen (soluble) to fibrin (insoluble).
Also has the hagemen factor that activates the kinin and complement system.
What is the result of the coagulation system
Forms a fibrinous meshwork.
helps stop bleeding, lays framework for repair, traps pathogens.
What is the kinin system and how is it activated?
Activated by bleeding. Results in the release of bradykinin, similar to histamine. Induces pain by sensitizing free nerve endings. Vasodilator and causes endothelial contraction and capillary permeability.
All cytokines are ___ and act on ____
Pleiotropic. Effect depends on which cells are activated. Could cause development, maturation, localization by chemotaxis, or activation.
Local and distant targets.
Interleukins
Released by __ and ___
Activates ____
Two types and their role
Released by MO and lymphocytes
Activates more lymphocytes to recruit
IL-1: Pro inflammatory. Pyrogenic. Chemotaxis and leukocytosis.
IL-10: Anti inflammatory. Inhibits growth of immune cells.