Gram Neg Bacteria Flashcards
Gram negative coccobacilli
Flu (Type A and B)
Legionnaries
Moaxella catarrhalis and lacunata
Bordetella Petussis
Gram negative cocci
N gonorrhea
Gram negative bacilli
Divided into:
Lactose (+) E Coli
Lactose (-) Cholerae, P aeruginosa
Other gram negative bacteria
Spirochetes- syphillus
Rickettsia
Haemophilus Influenza (gram negative coccibacilli)
- Transmission
- What type of pathogen (Commensal/opportunistic/primary)
- Two types
- Airborne or direct.
- It is an opportunistic pathogen.
3.
Type A: Uncapsulated, pneumonia, conj
Type B: Encapsulated. More virulent. Meningitis, bacteremia, pneumonia, epiglottitis.
Moraxella (gram negative coccibacilli)
- What type of pathogen (Commensal/opportunistic/primary)
- Two types
- Commensal of mucosal surfaces
- Catarrhalis: Diplococcus. Opportunistic pathogen in respiratory tract.
Lacunata: Angular blepharitis
Bordetella Pertussis (gram negative cocibacilli)
- What type of pathogen? (Commensal/opportunistic/primary)
- What does the virus and toxin do?
- Primary pathogen.
- Pertussis virus causes whopping cough and prolonged upper respiratory infection. The toxin causes necrosis of ciliated respiratory epithelium.
Difference between diptheria and pertussis toxins
Diptheria is a gram positive bacilli. Causes necrosis of oropharynx tissue= pseudo membrane.
Pertussis is a gram negative coccibaccilus. Causes necrosis of the respiratory ciliated epithelium. Schluffs off= coughing.
Legionella Pneumophilia (gram negative cocibacilli)
- What kind of bacteria is it and how does it work?
- Transmission
- Facultative intracellular bacteria (can work in and outside cell) Evades phagolysosomes similar to Tb/leprosy.
- Airborne, but not contagious. Sprayed water, however, is contagious.
Neisseria Gonorrhea (Gram negative cocci)
- How does it adhere?
- Produces what?
- Transmission?
- Adheres by pilli
- Produces IgA protease to degrade the secretory chain
- Transmitted sexually or congenital (vertical)
Facultative intracellular diplodococcus.
Neisseria Gonorrhea and conjunctival infection
Mucopurulent.
Can penetrate in intact cornea and may cause peripheral ulcers.
Tx with Abx
Ophthalmia neonatorum
Congenital gonococcal conjunctivitis after birth from mom transmitting to newborn.
Tx with Abx
E coli. (gram negative bacilli lactose positive)
- What kind of bacteria is it and how does it work?
- Commonly infects who?
- How many strains?
- Commensals live in gut and produce vitamin K.
- Commonly infects immunocompromised and newborns.
- 6 strains. Ex: Enterohemorrhagic E coli. Shinga toxin causes hemolytic uremic syndrome and can clog glomerulus= kidney failure
Example of a specific strain of E coli
Enterohemorrhagic E coli. Shinga toxin causes hemolytic uremic syndrome and can clog glomerulus= kidney failure
Shinga toxin
Produced by a strain of E. Coli, Enterohemorrhagic
causes hemolytic uremic syndrome and can clog glomerulus= kidney failure
V cholera (gram negative bacilli lactose negative, catalyst positive)
- What type of gram negative is it?
- Transmission
- What does it cause?
Anaerobic, mobile.
Transmitted via contaminated water or food.
Produces exotoxin (during life cycle) that causes diarrhea, and vomiting. Treat with Abx.
P. aeuroginosa (gram negative bacilli lactose negative, catalyst positive)
- What type of gram negative is it?
- Where is it found? (reservoir)
- What can it produce?
- What kind of odor?
- Transmission?
- Hardy or vulnerable?
- Results of infection
- Motile rod. Opportunistic.
- Found in soil and water.
- biofilm- helps evade phagocytosis
- Fruity odor
- Water aerosols, respirators, humidifies, sinks.
- Very hardly. Simple growth requirements. Chemical resistance and high adherence.
- Can get in hospital- pneumonia, UTI. Hot tub rash. Ulcers due to CL wear (cannot penetrate intact cornea)
Can P aeuroginosa penetrate an in tact cornea?
No. Could cause ulcers due to over wearing CLs.
Salmonella (gram negative bacilli)
- Transmission
- What are the three types?
Motile rods
- Transmission by fecally contaminated water
Salmonella Typhi
Reactive arthritis
Salmonella enterocolitis (non typhoidal)
Salmonella typhi
causes typhoid fever, diarrhea, neuropsychiatric symptom and rash.
Reactive arthritis caused by salmonella is what type of hypersensitivity
Type III
Salmonella enterocolitis (non typhoidal)
Diarrhea, fever, cramps.
___ can penetrate an intact cornea
___ cannot penetrate an intact cornea
Gonorrhea P aeroginosa (ulcers due to CL wear)
Spirochetes
How do they travel and how do we view them in lab?
Motile due to end-cellular flagella.
Not visible with routine microscopy. Must use dark field or fluoresce
Two types of spirochetes
Treptonema pallidum (syphillus) and Borrelia (lime disease by deer tick)
Spirochetes- treptonema pallidum
- What kind?
- Transmission
- 3 stages
- Obligate intracellular
- Transmitted sexually or vertically
- Stage 1: Single sore (Cancre)
Stage 2: Skin rash and mucous membrane lesions
Stage 3: Neurologic demyelination, cardiac symptoms, argyll robertson pupil and uveitis.
What side effects can occur in the eye due to treponema pallidum?
Argyll Robertson pupil
Uveitis
Spirochetes- Borrelia
initial and 1 week symptoms
Lime disease by deer tick- must be attached for 24-48 hours.
Initial symptoms: bulls eye rash and flu like symptoms
1 week: neurologic, cardiac, and uveitis
Eye related symptoms from Borrelia (Lime disease by deer tick)
1 week: uveitis
Ricketsia
Pleomorphic, non motile
Obligate intracellular
Two forms of rickettsia
- Rickettsia Rickettsii. Tick vector. Rocky mountain spotted fever (red spots on back)
- Rickettsia Typhi. Flea vector. Endemic typhus.
Rickettsia Rickettsii. ___ Vector.
Tick. Rocky mountain spotted fever.
Rickettsia Typhi. ____ vector.
Flea
