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Biology Module 4 > Plasma Membrane, Diffusion, osmosis > Flashcards

Plasma Membrane, Diffusion, osmosis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is homeostasis

A

state of steady internal and physical and chemical conditions maintained by living systems

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2
Q

What are the two types of cellular transport

A

passive and active

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3
Q

what is passive transport

A

simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis

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4
Q

what is active transport

A

protein pumps
endocytosis
exocytosis

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5
Q

What is diffusion

A

tendency of molecules to spread out evenly in an available space

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6
Q

How to pariticles diffuse?

A

down the concentration gradient

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7
Q

How to particles move in diffusion

A

high particle concentration to low concentration

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8
Q

What does the rate of diffusion depend on (3)

A

State of matter
molecule size
temperature

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9
Q

What is passive transport

A

diffusion across a cell membrane that does not require energy

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10
Q

how can passive transport only occur?

A

down the concentration gradient

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11
Q

What do kinks prevent in phosphlipids

A

from packing tightly together

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12
Q

how does cholesterol help phospholipids (2)

A

stabilize membranes at warm temp
keen membrane fluid in low temp

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13
Q

Do hydrophilic substances easily cross the cell membrane?

A

no, they require energy

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14
Q

Do Hydrophobic substances easily cross the cell membrane

A

yes, they no not require energy

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15
Q

Why are hydrophilic substances poplar molecules?

A

They interact with water well

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16
Q

Why are hydrophobic substances non-polar molecules

A

They do not interact well with water

17
Q

What is thermal energy

A

energy associated with the random movement of atoms and molecules

18
Q

What does temperature measure

A

the intensity of heat

19
Q

What is cohesion

A

tendency of the same kind of molecules to stick together

20
Q

What is adhesion

A

tendency of the different kind of molecules to stick together

21
Q

What is a solution

A

liquid consisting of a uniform mixture of two or more substances

22
Q

what is a solvent>

A

dissolving agent

23
Q

what is a solute

A

the substance being dissolved

24
Q

what is an aqueous solution

A

a solution in which water is the solvent

25
Q

What is osmosis

A

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

26
Q

Why is water so important

A

it is a universal solvent

27
Q

What is tonicity

A

the ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

28
Q

what does tonicity depend on

A

concentration of a solute on both sides of the membrane

29
Q

what is a isotonic solute

A

solute concentration in and out of the cell is the same

30
Q

what is a hypotonic solute

A

solute concentration is lower outside the cell

31
Q

what is a hypertonic solute

A

solute concentration is higher outside the cell

32
Q

What happens to a animal cell in a hypertonic solution

A

cell shriveled

33
Q

what happens when animal cell is in a hypotonic solution

A

bursts

34
Q

what happens to an animal cell in a isotonic solution

A

the cell is in a normal state

35
Q

How does passive transport with facilitated diffusion

A

tunnel of proteins becomes passage for ions and molecules to move down concentration gradient

36
Q

How does a cell expend energy in active transport

A

move solute against its concentration gradient

37
Q

What are the two mechanisms cells have to move large molecules across membranes

A

endocytosis
exocytosis

38
Q

what is endocytosis

A

importing large molecules; plasma membrane gets smaller

39
Q

what is exocytosis

A

exporting large molecules; plasma membrane gets larger

Biology Module 4 (6 decks)

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