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Biology Module 4 > Energy & Enzymes > Flashcards

Energy & Enzymes Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is energy

A

capacity to cause change or to perform work

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2
Q

What type of energy is kinetic

A

energy in motion

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3
Q

what type of energy is potential

A

stored chemically in fuel

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4
Q

What is thermal enegry

A

type of kinetic energy
random movement of atoms

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5
Q

what is energy in transfer from one object to another

A

heat

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6
Q

what is chemical energy

A

potential energy

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7
Q

What are thermodynamics

A

study of energy transformations that could or do occur; energy conversion

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8
Q

True or false: all forms of energy can be converted into other forms

A

true

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9
Q

what are two types of reactions

A

exergonic
endergonic

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10
Q

what is a exergonic reaction

A

release the energy in covalent bonds of the reactants

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11
Q

what does a endergonic reaction need and produce

A

requires an input of energy and produces rich potential energy products

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12
Q

what is metabolism

A

total of an organisms chemical reactions

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13
Q

what are metabolic pathways

A

alter molecules in a series of steps

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14
Q

What do cells do to help with enzymes

A

endogonic and exergonic reactions

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15
Q

What are two biochemical reactions

A

cellular respiration and photosynthesis

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16
Q

Is cellular respiration Endergonic or Exergonic

A

Exergonic

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17
Q

Is photosynthesis endergonic or exergonic

A

endergonic

18
Q

What does cellular respiration produce

A

ATP

19
Q

how is energy taken in during photosynthesis

A

energy is absorbed from sunlight

20
Q

what is produced in photosynthesis

A

energy-rich sugar molecules

21
Q

how does cellular respiration release energy

A

releases energy slowly

22
Q

What is ATP phosphorylation

A

releases energy by transferring its third phosphate from ATP to some other molecule

23
Q

How is ATP used in a cell? (3)

A

active transport
moving organelles
protein synthesis

24
Q

How much ATP do cells contain

A

small amount; only enough for small amount of activity

25
Q

Is ATP renewable

A

yes

26
Q

What parts of ATP life cycle are endergonic

A

ATP synthesis and using energy for cellular work

27
Q

what parts of the ATP life cycle are exergonic

A

ATP hydrolysis and energy used during cellular respiration

28
Q

What is a calorie

A

energy from food

29
Q

What are the two types of metabolic pathways

A

anabolic
catabolic

30
Q

What is anabolic

A

building molecules

31
Q

what is catabolic

A

breaking down molecules

32
Q

What is the specific reactant that an enzyme acts on

A

the substrate

33
Q

what is the specific region on the enzyme which the substrate binds to

A

the active site

34
Q

what is a catalyst

A

substance that causes or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected

35
Q

What is the activation energy

A

the energy required for a reaction to proceed

36
Q

how to enzymes effect energy barriers

A

they lower them

37
Q

what do enzymes increase?

A

the rate of reaction; without being consumed by the reaction

38
Q

how might someone denature a protein

A

raising temperature

39
Q

what is the relation between enzymes and subtrates?

A

each enzyme if specific helper to a specific reaction

40
Q

what are the non-protein helpers enzymes require

A

cofactors

41
Q

what do cofactors do?

A

bind to the active site
function in catalysis

Biology Module 4 (6 decks)

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