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Biology Module 4 > Macromolecules > Flashcards

Macromolecules Flashcards

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1
Q

what are organic compounds

A

carbon based molecules

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2
Q

what is a monomer

A

molecule that can combine with others of the same kind

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3
Q

what is a polymer

A

series of a monomers bonded together

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4
Q

What are the two ways organic molecules form?

A

Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis

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5
Q

What is Dehydration Synthesis

A

monomers linked together by the removal of water

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6
Q

what is hydrolysis

A

polymers are broken apart by the addition of water

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7
Q

What are the four classes of macromolecules

A

Carbohydrates
nucleic acids
proteins
lipids

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8
Q

What is a carbohydrate

A

compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 1:2:1 ratio

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9
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates

A

fuel source, provide support and protection

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10
Q

What are monosaccharides

A

the simplest carbohydrate (monomer)

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11
Q

What do monosaccharides do

A

main fuel for cellular work, used as raw material to manufacture other organic molecules

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12
Q

how are monosaccharides formed

A

hooked together by dehydration reactions

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13
Q

how are disaccharides form

A

two monosaccharides bond via a dehydration reaction

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14
Q

True or False: Polysaccharides are long chains of sugar units

A

true

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15
Q

True or False: Polysaccharides are hydrophilic (water loving)

A

true

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16
Q

What are two examples of polysaccharides

A

starch and glycogen

17
Q

What is a Lipid

A

Waxy / oily organic compounds

18
Q

True or False: Lipids are water insoluble (hydrophobic)

A

true

19
Q

What is the function of Lipids (4)

A

Long term energy storage
cell structure
insulation
basis some hormones and vitamins

20
Q

True or False: Lipids are built from monomers

A

false

21
Q

What are the three classes of lipids

A

Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids

22
Q

What is a Triglyceride

A

A large lipid made from two kinds of smaller molecules

23
Q

What are steroids

A

lipids which the carbon skeleton contains four fused rings

24
Q

What are examples of steroids (3)

A

Cholesterol
Sex hormones
vitamins

25
Q

What is a protein

A

polypeptides

26
Q

what is the function of proteins

A

involved in nearly all dynamic function in body

27
Q

What are proteins held together by

A

peptide and hydrogen bonds

28
Q

What are amino acids

A

protein monomer

29
Q

How are proteins formed

A

dehydration reaction; peptide bonds

30
Q

What is a polypeptide

A

amino acid chain

31
Q

true or false: an amino acid sequence causes the polypeptide to assume a particular shape

A

true

32
Q

What happens when a protein structure is altered

A

can no longer function

33
Q

What is Denaturation

A

when a protein unravels,
loses its specific shape
loses its function

34
Q

What are cause Denaturing (3)

A

salt concentration
changes in pH
high heat

35
Q

What are the primary functions of nucleic acids (DNA, ATP, RNA)

A

DNA - provide info for protein structure
ATP - energy currency
RNA - participates in protein synthesis

36
Q

What does nucleic acid polymer form from

A

nucleotide monomers

37
Q

What is DNA a type of

A

nucleic acid

38
Q

True or False: DNA builds proteins directly

A

false

Biology Module 4 (6 decks)

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