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Biology > Plants Structure > Flashcards

Plants Structure Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Types of roots

A
  1. Tap root- one main root
    eg: carrot, dandelion
  2. Fibrous root- equal-sized roots
    eg: grass
  3. Adventitious root- don’t develop roots
    eg: Ivy
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2
Q

The function of the root

A
  1. Water absorption
  2. Anchor
  3. Food storage
  4. Reproduction
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3
Q

The function of root hairs

A

Increase the surface area for absorption of water

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4
Q

The function of dermal tissue

A

Forms covering around the plant

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5
Q

The function of ground tissue

A

Stores food

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6
Q

The function of Vascular tissue

A

Transport material

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7
Q

Function of Xylem

A

Transports water up to the stem

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8
Q

Function of Phloem

A

Transports food

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9
Q

Protection zone

A

Protects the cells

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10
Q

Meristematic zone

A

Area of active cell division by mitosis

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11
Q

Zone of elongation

A

Plant growth regulator

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12
Q

Zone of cell differentiation

A

Cells develop special features

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13
Q

Functions of the shoot system

A
  1. Support the aerial parts of the plant
  2. Transport water and minerals from roots to leaves
  3. Transport food from leaves to rootd
  4. Carry out photosynthesis
  5. Store food
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14
Q

Node

A

Point of the stem at which leaf is attached

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15
Q

Internode

A

Region of a stem between two nodes

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16
Q

Bud

A

Growth point

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17
Q

Lenticel

A

Opening on a stem for gas exchange

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18
Q

Dermal tissue

A

Protective outer layer

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19
Q

Ground tissue

A

Stores food and gives strength to plant

20
Q

Vascular bundles

A

Xylem transports water

phloem transports food

21
Q

Functions of a leaf

A

Make food
Transpiration
Gas exchange
Store food

22
Q

Name 2 types of venation and describe

A
  1. Parallel
    - Veins run alongside each other
    eg: grass
  2. Netted
    - Branching network
    eg: buttercup
23
Q

Meristematic tissues

A

Cells are actively dividing by mitosis producing new cells

24
Q

Where is meristematic tissue located

A

Root tips and shoot tips

25
Q

The function of meristematic tissue

A

Growth in plants by mitosis

26
Q

The function of stomata

A

Allows gas exchange

27
Q

The function of dermal tissue

A

Protection

28
Q

How is dermal tissue adapted

A

Thick cell walls

Cuticle to prevent water loss

29
Q

Structure and function of Ground tissue

A
  • Between dermal and vascular tissue
  • Food storage
  • Photosynthesis
  • Supports the plant
30
Q

Vascular tissue

A

Complex tissue

31
Q

Function of lignin

A

Strengthens material found in some plant cell walls

32
Q

Description of Xylem

A
  • Dead
  • Vascular bundles
  • Xylem vessels and tracheids
33
Q

Role of Xylem

A
  • Transport water up through the plant

- For support

34
Q

How is Xylem adapted to its role

A
  • Continous lumen
  • Pits
  • Thick wall
35
Q

Name 2 types of Xylem

A
  1. Tracheid

2. Vessels

36
Q

Xylem tracheid

A
  • Dead
  • Tapered cells
  • Pits allow water to move sideways
  • Walls thickened by lignin for support
  • Found in pine trees
37
Q

Xylem vessels

A
  • Dead
  • Elongated cells
  • Lignin for support
  • Continous tube
  • Pits allow water movement
38
Q

Description of Phloem

A
  • Sieve tubes

- Vascular bundles

39
Q

Role of Phloem

A
  • Transport food

- Transport auxin

40
Q

How is it adapted

A
  • Sieve plate has many pores
41
Q

Sieve tubes

A
  • Living

- No Nucleus

42
Q

The function of Sieve tubes

A
  • Transport food and growth regulators
43
Q

Companion cells

A
  • Living

- Nucleus present

44
Q

The function of Companion cells

A

Controls the acyivities of sieve tubes

45
Q

Differentiate between Xylem and Phloem

A 
1. Xylem- carries water 
   Phloem- carries food 
2. Xylem- dead 
    Phloem- living 
3. Xylem- Lignin
    Phloem- no lignin
4. Xylem- no companion cell 
    Phloem- companion cells
46
Q

Differentiate between Monocot and Dicot

A
  1. Monocot- 1 seed leaf
    Dicot- 2 seed leaves
  2. Monocot- Vascular bundles scattered
    Dicot- Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
47
Q

Prepare and examine the Transverse section of a dicot stem

A
  1. Cut a thin section from the internode region from the begonia
  2. Soak in water until turgid
  3. Hold between thumb and finger for support, use a wet blade and cutaway
  4. Keep the sections in water
  5. Use a paintbrush to transfer
  6. Add a coverslip at an angle
  7. Place the slide onto the microscope stage and turn on the lamp
  8. Focus under low power using coarse focus
  9. High power lens using the fine focus

Biology (21 decks)

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