Plants Structure Flashcards
Types of roots
- Tap root- one main root
eg: carrot, dandelion - Fibrous root- equal-sized roots
eg: grass - Adventitious root- don’t develop roots
eg: Ivy
The function of the root
- Water absorption
- Anchor
- Food storage
- Reproduction
The function of root hairs
Increase the surface area for absorption of water
The function of dermal tissue
Forms covering around the plant
The function of ground tissue
Stores food
The function of Vascular tissue
Transport material
Function of Xylem
Transports water up to the stem
Function of Phloem
Transports food
Protection zone
Protects the cells
Meristematic zone
Area of active cell division by mitosis
Zone of elongation
Plant growth regulator
Zone of cell differentiation
Cells develop special features
Functions of the shoot system
- Support the aerial parts of the plant
- Transport water and minerals from roots to leaves
- Transport food from leaves to rootd
- Carry out photosynthesis
- Store food
Node
Point of the stem at which leaf is attached
Internode
Region of a stem between two nodes
Bud
Growth point
Lenticel
Opening on a stem for gas exchange
Dermal tissue
Protective outer layer
Ground tissue
Stores food and gives strength to plant
Vascular bundles
Xylem transports water
phloem transports food
Functions of a leaf
Make food
Transpiration
Gas exchange
Store food
Name 2 types of venation and describe
- Parallel
- Veins run alongside each other
eg: grass - Netted
- Branching network
eg: buttercup
Meristematic tissues
Cells are actively dividing by mitosis producing new cells
Where is meristematic tissue located
Root tips and shoot tips
The function of meristematic tissue
Growth in plants by mitosis
The function of stomata
Allows gas exchange
The function of dermal tissue
Protection
How is dermal tissue adapted
Thick cell walls
Cuticle to prevent water loss
Structure and function of Ground tissue
- Between dermal and vascular tissue
- Food storage
- Photosynthesis
- Supports the plant
Vascular tissue
Complex tissue
Function of lignin
Strengthens material found in some plant cell walls
Description of Xylem
- Dead
- Vascular bundles
- Xylem vessels and tracheids
Role of Xylem
- Transport water up through the plant
- For support
How is Xylem adapted to its role
- Continous lumen
- Pits
- Thick wall
Name 2 types of Xylem
- Tracheid
2. Vessels
Xylem tracheid
- Dead
- Tapered cells
- Pits allow water to move sideways
- Walls thickened by lignin for support
- Found in pine trees
Xylem vessels
- Dead
- Elongated cells
- Lignin for support
- Continous tube
- Pits allow water movement
Description of Phloem
- Sieve tubes
- Vascular bundles
Role of Phloem
- Transport food
- Transport auxin
How is it adapted
- Sieve plate has many pores
Sieve tubes
- Living
- No Nucleus
The function of Sieve tubes
- Transport food and growth regulators
Companion cells
- Living
- Nucleus present
The function of Companion cells
Controls the acyivities of sieve tubes
Differentiate between Xylem and Phloem
1. Xylem- carries water
Phloem- carries food
2. Xylem- dead
Phloem- living
3. Xylem- Lignin
Phloem- no lignin
4. Xylem- no companion cell
Phloem- companion cellsDifferentiate between Monocot and Dicot
- Monocot- 1 seed leaf
Dicot- 2 seed leaves - Monocot- Vascular bundles scattered
Dicot- Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
Prepare and examine the Transverse section of a dicot stem
- Cut a thin section from the internode region from the begonia
- Soak in water until turgid
- Hold between thumb and finger for support, use a wet blade and cutaway
- Keep the sections in water
- Use a paintbrush to transfer
- Add a coverslip at an angle
- Place the slide onto the microscope stage and turn on the lamp
- Focus under low power using coarse focus
- High power lens using the fine focus
