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Biology > Plant transport, storage and gas exchange > Flashcards

Plant transport, storage and gas exchange Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Plants make their own food meaning they are

A

Autotrophic

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2
Q

Plants transport

A

Water, Carbon dioxide, oxygen, minerals and plant growth regulators for metabolism

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3
Q

Why is water needed

A

Photosynthesis, cell metabolism, growth and cell turgidity

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4
Q

Water uptake by roots

A
  1. Water is absorbed by root hairs by osmosis
  2. Water enters the cytoplasm
  3. Water moves from cell to cell by osmosis
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5
Q

How are root hairs adapted

A
  1. Provide a large surface area
  2. No cuticle
  3. Have thin walls
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6
Q

What is the transport of water caused by

A
  1. Root pressure

2. Transpiration

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7
Q

Root pressure

A

forced upward movement of water and minerals from the root to stem

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8
Q

Transpiration

A

Loss of water vapour from a plant through stomata

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9
Q

Cohesion-Tension theory

A
  1. Water evaporates at the leaf in transpiration
  2. Loss of water creates tension
  3. Tension pulls water up as a continuous stream creating a transpiration stream
  4. Water molecules are attracted to each other in a process called cohesion
  5. Water molecules are attracted to the xylem in a process called adhesion
  6. Root pressure is a force generated by the root, as water is absorbed, it pushes water up the stem
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10
Q

Name 2 scientists associated with the cohesion-tension model of transport

A
  • Dixon

- Joly

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11
Q

Mineral uptake and transport

A
  • Minerals are absorbed into the root hairs by active transport
  • Passed through xylem and carried up the stem
  • Root hair cells are adapted as mitochondria supplies energy
  • Minerals needed are calcium(forms middle lamella) and magnesium (produce chlorophyll)
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12
Q

Carbon dioxide uptake and transport

A
  • CO2 diffuses in through the stomata of the leaf from the atmosphere
  • Respiration in plant cells provides CO2 to the plant
  • CO2 diffuses through the air spaces in the leaf to the ground tissue or mesophyll cells
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13
Q

Transport and Oxygen

A
  • O2 is a product of photosynthesis

- Some O2 is used in plant respiration and excess O2 diffuses into the atmosphere through the stomata

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14
Q

Transport of the photosynthetic product glucose

A
  • Translocated as sucrose in phloem sieve tubes

- Sucrose is the main transport carbohydrate in phloem

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15
Q

Transport of growth regulators

A
  • Diffusion and active transport
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16
Q

Modified root

A
  • Taproot
  • Carrots
  • Glucose
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17
Q

Modified stem

A
  • Potato tuber

- Starch

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18
Q

Modified leaf

A
  • Bulb is an underground stem with leaves
  • Onions
  • Glucose
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19
Q

Perennials

A

Plants that survive from one growing season to the next by storing food as starch

20
Q

Gas exchange through leaf stomata

A
  • Stomata are dermal pores/openings for gas exchange
  • CO2 diffuses through stomata from the atmosphere
  • O2 diffuses out through stomata into the atmosphere
  • Water vapour moves out from stomata called transpiration
21
Q

How is the leaf adapted

A
  • A large number of stomata
  • Thin
  • Increase surface area
22
Q

Control of transpiration

A
  • Waxy cuticle is waterproof

- Closure of stomata in times of water shortage

23
Q

Name the structures found in stems

A

Lenticels

24
Q

Name two compounds that leave the plant through the lenticels

A
  • water

- oxygen

25
Q

Define lenticels

A
  • Openings in the stem which allow gas exchange
26
Q

Factors that control stomatal opening and closing

A
  1. Water- open when guard cells become turgid

2. CO2- no photosynthesis at night since no light but photosynthesis resumes in the morning

27
Q

Indicate 2 ways plants use to control transpiration

A
  • Waxy cuticle is waterproof

- closure of stomata

28
Q

Give 2 structural differences between Xylem and Phloem

A
  • Phloem has nuclei xylem doesn’t

- Xylem is a continuous tube and phloem is not

29
Q

Name the vascular tissue through which the products of photosynthesis are transported in plants

A

Phloem

30
Q

Give 2 structural features of Phloem

A
  • Sieve tube

- Companion cells

31
Q

Describe the relationship between the rate of transpiration and the rate of water uptake during the day
Name a reason why

A
  • Water uptake and rate of transpiration increases

- More water absorption to replace the water lost

32
Q

Under what conditions does the highest rate of transpiration occur on the day

A
  • Higher temperature

- Bright conditions

33
Q

Name the cells which control the opening and closing of stomata

A

Guard cells

34
Q

What is the advantage to plants having most of their stomata on the underside of the leaf

A

Reduce water loss by transpiration

35
Q

Give a disadvantage to plants of a high rate of transpiration

A

Wilting

36
Q

What do plants do in response to wilting

A

Close stomata

37
Q

Name 2 Irish scientists who proposed the theory of water movement in plants

A

Dixon and Joly

38
Q

Name the openings in the leaf which allow the entry of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis

A

Stomata

39
Q

Factors that influence the diameter of these openings

A

CO2

40
Q

Distinguish between Tuber and Bulb

A

Tuber - stem

Bulb - Leaf

41
Q

What is the function of stomata

A

Gas exchange

42
Q

Name a factor in stems equivalent to stomata

A

Lenticels

43
Q

Name a plant in which the leaves are modified for food storage

A

Onions

44
Q

Name a carbohydrate that you would expect to find in the modified leaves

A

Starch

45
Q

Name a type of modified stem that functions in food storage

A

Potato tuber

46
Q

Name a type of modified root that functions in food storage

A

Carrot

Biology (21 decks)

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