Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

To which group of molecules do enzymes belong?

A

Protein

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2
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

Biological catalyst

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3
Q

Where in the cell are enzymes produced

A

Ribosome

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4
Q

What is meant by enzymes enzymes optimum pH

A

Enzymes working at its best rate at certain pH level

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5
Q

What is denatured enzyme

A

Enzyme has lost its shape can no longer carry out its function

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6
Q

Name anabolic process carried out by plants

A

Photosynthesis

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7
Q

Name the factors that influence the activity of an enzyme

A
  1. pH
  2. Temperature
  3. Enzyme concentration
  4. Substarte concentration
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8
Q

Name a small molecules which are building blocks for these biomolecules

A
  1. Protein- amino acids
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9
Q

Name a difference between catabolic and anabolic

A
  1. Catabolic- respiration (Large molecules break down to form small ones)
  2. Anabolic- Photosynthesis (Small molecules form a larger molecule)
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10
Q

What is meant by specify of an enzyme?

A

Only one particular substrate fits the shape of an active site

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11
Q

Explain how enzymes work

A
  1. Subsrate combines with active site of enzyme (Active site theory- the active site is complementary shape to substrate)
  2. Active site changes shape slightly to better fit the substrate (Induced fit model)
  3. Temporary enzyme-substrate complex is produced
  4. Substrate changes into the product
  5. Products leave active site
  6. Active site returns to original shape and can now accept a new substrate
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12
Q

State three advantages of using an immobilised enzyme in a bioreactor

A
  1. Easy to recover
  2. Easy to re-use
  3. Product is pure
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13
Q

What is a bioreactor?

A

vessel used to make a product

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14
Q

What is meant by immobilisation?

A

Enzymes are attached to an inert material

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15
Q

Name a substance used to immobilise enzymes

A

Sodium Alginate

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16
Q

Give one application of a named immobilised enzyme. In your answer refer to substrate, enzyme and product

A
  1. Convert Penicillin to different forms to produce new antibiotics
17
Q

Describe how you immobilised an enzyme in the course of practical work

A
  1. Add sodium alginate to 10cm of distilled water (Traps enzyme)
  2. In a different beaker add 2g of yeast to water (Yeast contains an enzyme called sucrase)
  3. Add the yeast to alginate
  4. In a large beaker dissolve 1.5g of calcium chloride into 100cm water (Calcium hardens the beads)
  5. Draw 10ml of this yeast-sodium alginate mixture into a syringe and stand over the beaker of Calcium Chloride
  6. Mixture will drop in water forming beads
  7. Beads are calcium alginate and have yeast trapped/immobilised in them
18
Q

Describe how you examined the application of the immobilised enzyme

A
  1. Add the beads to sucrose
  2. Sucrose solution filters down through the beads and drops of glucose are made
  3. The drops of glucose are tested using clinistix (Test strips for glucose)
19
Q

Name the enzyme and substrate you used when investigating heat denaturation

A

Enzyme- Catalase

Substrate- hydrogen peroxide

20
Q

Briefly explain how you carried out the experiment for heat denaturation

A
  1. Add catalase, washing up liquid and pH buffer to a graduated cylinder
  2. Add hydrogen peroxide to test tube
  3. Stand both in water bath @25C
  4. Add hydrogen peroxide to cylinder
  5. Note if foam produced
  6. Boil catalase for 10 minutes and repeat above steps
  7. Result: No activity in boiled catalase as enzyme is denatured
21
Q

Name the enzyme you used when you carried out the experiment into the edict of pH on the rate of enzyme activity

A

Catalase

22
Q

State the source of enzyme Catalase

A

Celery

23
Q

State the substrate of this enzyme Catalase

A

Hydrogen peroxide

24
Q

Explain why the changing pH would have an effect on enzyme activity

A

Active site is denatured

25
Q

How did you measure the rate of enzyme activity when carrying out the effect of pH

A

Volume of foam produced per minute

26
Q

What is the chemical nature of enzymes?

A

Protein

27
Q

What is the molecular shape of an enzyme

A

Folded

28
Q

Why is it necessary to keep the pH constant in the course of this investigation

A

to only have one variable

29
Q

How did you keep the pH constant

A

pH buffer

30
Q

How did you vary temperature in the course of the investigation

A

Water-bath at different temperatures

31
Q

How did you know the enzyme was working

A

Foam was produced due to washing up liquid trapping the oxygen

32
Q

What is meant by the term specificity in relation to enzymes?

A

Only acts on one substrate

33
Q

In each of the following cases state whether the process is anabolic or catabolic

  1. Protein synthesis
  2. Conversion of ADP to ATP
A
  1. Anabolic

2. Anabolic

34
Q

Apart from C, H, O there is another element always present in enzymes

A

Nitrogen

35
Q

“Enzymes are essential for metabolism”

A

Enzymes control metabolic reactions

36
Q

Give one example of the use of immobilised enzymes in bioreactor. In your answer name the enzyme, the substrate and the product

A

converts penicillin to new antibiotics

penicillin—-(penicillin acylase)—-> New antibiotics