Plants-plant kingdom

Question 1

What did plants evolve from?

Answer 1

Evolved from green algae (type of protist)

Question 2

Similarities between plants and green algae

Answer 2

Similarities – similar type of chlorophyll (for photosynthesis), cellulose in cell walls, build cell plate in cytokinesis, and store sugar as starch

Question 3

Characteristics of plants

Answer 3

• multicellular, eukaryotic, photosynthetic, immotile (non-moving)
• plants began in water, but today are mostly terrestrial
• adaptable ( have adapted to live on land):
  - To prevent water loss – CUTICLE – waxy, waterproof coating (H2O insoluble)
  - To exchange gas – STOMATA (STOMA) – small openings in epidermis to allow gas exchange (can open and close), created by GUARD CELLS

Question 4

Types of plants: Bryophytes

Answer 4

BRYOPHYTES – small, seedless plants without vascular tissue (non-vascular), lack leaves, stems and roots
Include mosses, liverworts and hornworts
Restricted to moist habitats, and can’t grow tall

Question 5

Types of plants: LYCOPHYTES and PTEROPHYTES

Answer 5

• seedless vascular plants
• E.g. club mosses and ferns
• Have VASCULAR TISSUE – specialized tubes to deliver water and nutrients  allows plants to grow tall (better access to sunlight)

Question 6

Types of plants: seed plants

Answer 6

• most dominant plants, live in widest range of conditions
• SEED – consists of a plant embryo, a food supply (to support growth of new plant before photosynthesis begins), and a protective outer coating

Question 7

Benefits of the seed

Answer 7

not dependent on moist enviro, can be dormant until conditions are right, allow for dispersal (new habitats, less competition)

Question 8

2 types of seed-bearing plants: Gymnosperms

Answer 8

GYMNOSPERMS (Conifers) – seeds exposed on a cone, well-adapted to life in cold climate sense

Question 9

2 types of seed-bearing plants: Angiosperms

Answer 9

ANGIOSPERMS (Flowering Plants) – seeds are protected inside a fruit (over 90% of all plants)

• Fruit aids in dispersal of seeds
• Seeds contain COTYLEDONS (“seed-leaf”, or 1st leaf) – may contain one (monocot) or two (dicot or eudicot)

Question 10

Distinguishing monocots and dicots:

Answer 10

In notes