Plants/check ecology for the rest Flashcards
Flower
If for reproduction,it makes seeds it contains male and female sex organs
Leaf
Makes food for the plant,cools the plants when water vapour passes through it,allows the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen,leaf stores food (e.g. lettuce cabbage cress and spinach)
Fruit
Protects seed and provides food for seeds
The bud
Allows new leaves and flowers to grow
Stem
The stem allows transport or food water and minerals around food the plant,it also supports the plant and holds it upright,set,stems store food
Stimulus
A stimulus is anything that causes a response in an organism,plants respond to the stimuli of light and gravity
Shoots tropism
Shoots/stems are positively phototropic,negatively geotropic
Roots tropism
Roots are negatively phototropic,positively geotropic
Why is geotropism good?
It makes sure plant roots travel down to find water and minerals in soil,having deep roots means the plant is anchored in the soil
He is phototropism good?
It makes sure plants get enough light for photosynthesis so that they can make food!
Photosynthesis
Is the process where green plants make food using light energy
Chlorophyll
Hitch is a green chemical needed for photosynthesis found in chloroplasts in plant cells
Sexual reproduction
The flower is the sexual reproduction organ of the plant,male cells called pollen are made here,female cells called egg cells are made here
Sepal
Protects the flower before it blooms
Petals
Coloured and scented to attract insects
Male parts
Stamen made up of filament and anther
Filament
Holds up another
Anther
Makes pollen
Female parts
Carpel,made up of the stigma,style and ovary
Ovary
Makes the egg or ovule
Stigma
Pollen lands and sticks to it
Style
Makes a tube for the pollen (male gamete)to travel down to the egg (female gamete)
Pollination
Is the transfer o father pollen from the stamen (anther)of one plant to the carpel (stigma) of another
Fertilisation
Is the fusion of the male gamete nucleus with the female gamete nucleus to form a zygote
Zygote
When the male and female nucleus fuse they form zygote,the zygote divides and develops into the plant embryo
Plumule
The plumule will be come the plant shoot
Radicle
The radicle will become the plant root
Seed
After fertilisation the fertilised egg becomes the seed
Fruit
The ovary swells to become the fruit
Functions of the fruit
Protects the seeds,allows the seeds to be carried away and provides food
2 types of fruit
Fleshy or dry
Strawberry and melons
Dandelion and sycamore
Seed dispersal
Is the way plants spread their seeds around,seeds need to be carried away from the parent plant so they won’t compete for space,light,water and minerals
Animal dispersal
Happens when fleshy fruits are eaten by animals or birds,the seeds pass unharmed through the animal and come out in faces somewhere else
Wind dispersal
Happens when the seeds are carried on the wind examples are the dandelion “parachute” and the sycamore “helicopter”
Self dispersal
Some plants explode to release their seeds,example pea pods
Water dispersal
When plants produce seeds to float away,example water lilies
Germination
Is the growth of seeds into a new plant,seeds need water,oxygen and heat to germinate,the young plant initially gets its food from the seed,once the shoot develops green leaves,it can make its own food
Asexual reproduction
Involves only one parent
Bulbs
Tulips and daffodils make bulbs which can be planted to make new plants
Runners
Strawberry plants and buttercups use runners
Clone
Asexual reproduction results in an exact copy of the parent plant,or a clone
