Ecology

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

The study if plants,animals and their environment,and the relationship between them

Question 2

Environment

Answer 2

Is everything that surrounds an animal or plant (for example air,water,rocks and soil)

Question 3

Habitat

Answer 3

Is the place where a plant or animal lives

Question 4

Community

Answer 4

Each habitat has its own community or organisms.Community is all the different populations that live in the habitat.E.G.Hedgehogs,snails,foxes and primroses belong the the woodland habitat

Question 5

Interdependece

Answer 5

Is how organisms depend on each other for their survival,buttercups depend on bees(for food),bees need buttercups(for pollination)

Question 6

Ecosystem

Answer 6

All the plants and animals in an area interacting with each other and their environment.E.G desert,tropical rainforest,grasslands,seashore

Question 7

Biome

Answer 7

An ecosystem that extends over a very large area is called a biome

Question 8

Biosphere

Answer 8

All of the earths ecosystems together form one large ecosystem known as biosphere

Question 9

Producer

Answer 9

Plants that make their own food E.G.grass,dandelion,nettles

Question 10

Consumer

Answer 10

Animals that get their food by eating plants or other animals

Question 11

Herbivore

Answer 11

An animal that eats plants only E.G.rabbit,sheep,slug,snail

Question 12

Carnivore

Answer 12

An animal that eats other animals only E.G.fox,hawk,ladybird

Question 13

Omnivore

Answer 13

An animal that eats both plants and animals E.G.badger,thrush,blackbird,humans

Question 14

Décomposer

Answer 14

Organisms that feed on dead plants and animals E.G.earthworms,bacteria,fungi.(Decomposers are very important as they break down dead things and release lists of minerals into the soil)

Question 15

Food chain

Answer 15

A food chain shows how one organism eats another and so on,food chains must start with green plants

Question 16

Feeding level

Answer 16

The position of an organism in the food chain is called its feeding level

Question 17

Feeding levels

Answer 17

The amount of energy gets less and less as you go along food chain

Question 18

Food web

Answer 18

Is two or more interconnected food chains

Question 19

Competition

Answer 19

Occurs when two or more organisms seek a resource that is limited
Plant compete for light,water,minerals and space
Animals compete for food,shelter,territory and Mates

Question 20

Adaptations

Answer 20

Are features that give an organism a better chance of surviving in their habitat

Question 21

Dandelion adaptation

Answer 21

The dandelion has a long root which means it reaches below the short root of grass to get water,dandelions are able to compete for space because they are able to spread their seeds in the Wind

Question 22

Hedgehog adaptation

Answer 22

Have an excellent sense of smell to make them good at finding food,they have spikes to fight off predators,hedgehogs have a colour which makes them camouflaged so predators can’t find them easy

Question 23

Abiotic and biotic factors

Answer 23

Plants and animals are affected by living and non living factors in their environment,abiotic factors are non living e.g weather (temperature,light,intensity,rainfall,wind)soil and type of landscape,biotic factors are living e.g.competition,predation,symbols,predation controls the number of organisms in an ecosystem.e.g ladybirds eat aphids lions eat zebras

Question 24

Symbiosis

Answer 24

Is a relationship of organisms of different species where at least one benefits e.g.cleaner fish eat parasites out or the mouths of eels

Question 25

Population

Answer 25

All of the individual organisms of the same species in a habitat

Question 26

Balance of nature

Answer 26

Over time,the number and types of species in an ecosystem reach a steady state known as the balance of nature

Question 27

Predation

Answer 27

Controls the number of organisms in an ecosystem through the preying of some animals on others

Question 28

Predator

Answer 28

An animals that hunts,kills and eats other animal (prey)

Question 29

Prey

Answer 29

An animal that is hunted,killed and eaten by another animal (predator)

Question 30

Symbiosis

Answer 30

A relationship between organisms of different species where at least one benefits.The other organisms may be unaffected,harmed or also benefit

Question 31

Interdépendance

Answer 31

When two organisms depend on each other for an important aspect of their survival

Question 32

Niche

Answer 32

The role of an organism in a habitat including what it eats what it is eaten by whom it mates with and how it interacts with the non-living environment

Question 33

Conservation

Answer 33

Is the protection,preservation and careful use of our natural resources our natural resources include land,rivers,seas,plants and animals

Question 34

Pollution

Answer 34

Is adding unwanted wastes to the environment causing damage to it,the balance of nature can be damaged if one organism is damaged it can be harmful to many other plants and animals

Question 35

Air pollution

Answer 35

Caused by smoke,dust and harmful gases-most of these come from cars,buses,factories and power stations

Question 36

Fossil fuels

Answer 36

When fossil fuels are burned they produce gases called carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide,these dissolve in rainwater to form carbonic acid and sulfurique acid,this acid rain damages plants and buildings

Question 37

Soil pollution

Answer 37

Caused by pesticides,artificial fertilisers and acid rain

Question 38

Water pollution

Answer 38

Rivers lakes and seas are polluted by fertilisers sewage oil and detergents,fertilisers seep into rivers and cause too much plant growth,bacteria populations boom as they feed on dead plants and no oxygen is left for fish

Question 39

Incinération

Answer 39

Burning the waste,this can release dangerous gases into the atmosphere,difficulties with location nobody wants to live near an incinerator

Question 40

Landfill

Answer 40

Burying the waste in ground damages soil,rivers and ground water,attracts rodents,disease causing,bad smell,difficulties as nobody wants to leave near landfill sites

Question 41

3 R’s

Answer 41

Reduce,Reuse and recycle to make sure that we do not damage our environment and that future generations will have a nice place to live

Question 42

Reduce

Answer 42

Use your own bag,do not pick the items with extra packaging (use less extra packaging)

Question 43

Recycling

Answer 43

Paper glass and some metals and plastics can be processed and reused,this reduces damage to the environment

Question 44

Stem

Answer 44

Allows transport of food,water and minerals around the plant,it also supports the plant hold upright

Question 45

Roots

Answer 45

Anchor and support,takes in water and nutrients,stores food e.g carrots and turnips

Question 46

Transport in plants

Answer 46

There are vessels in a plant,the xylem and the phloem

Question 47

Xylem

Answer 47

Water is absorbed up through the roots,and travels to the leaves and the tips of the plant through the xylem,minerals from the soil are dissolved in the water,and so,travel in the xylem also

Question 48

Phloem

Answer 48

Food from the leaves travels to other parts of the plant in the phloem

Question 49

Transpiration

Answer 49

Is the loss of water vapour from the stomata of the leaves

Question 50

Stomata

Answer 50

Are little holes on the underside of the leaves

Question 51

Transpiration stream

Answer 51

The flow of water from the roots,up through the plants and o the leaves are called the transpiration stream