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biology > [plants]; bryophytes > Flashcards

[plants]; bryophytes Flashcards

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1
Q

bryophytes are called

A

amphibians of the plant kingdom bcuz they live on land but depend upon water for sexual reproduction

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2
Q

examples of bryophytes

A

liverworts

mosses

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3
Q

habitats of bryophytes

A

damp, humid, shaded localities

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4
Q

they play an important role in

A

plant succession on bare rocks/soil

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5
Q

the body structure of Bryophyta

A 
more differentiated than algae
thallus like
prostrate or erect
attached to substratum by rhizoids
lack true roots, stem, or leaves
may possess root-like, stem-like, or leaf-like structures
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6
Q

ploidy of bryophyta

A

the main plant body is haploid

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7
Q

it produces

A

gametes so it is a gametophyte

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8
Q

sex organs in bryophytes are

A

multicellular

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9
Q

name of sex organs

A

antheridium(male)

archegonium(female; flask-shaped)

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10
Q

production by sex organs

A

antheridium produces bi-flagellate antherozoids

archegonium produces a single egg

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11
Q

process of sporophyte formation

A

antherozoids are released into the water and come into contact with archegonium
antherozoid fuses with the egg to form a zygote
the zygote doesn’t undergo meiosis but rather produces a multicellular body called a sporophyte

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12
Q

sporophyte

A

is not free living

attached to photosynthetic gametophyte and derives nutrition from it

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13
Q

process of gametophyte from the sporophyte

A

some cells of the sporophyte undergo meiosis and produce haploid spores
these germinate to produce gametophyte

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14
Q

economic importance of bryophytes

A

generally low economic value
provide food for herbaceous animals etc
species of Sphagnum, a moss, provides peat
and as a packing material due to its water holding capacity

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15
Q

ecological importance of bryophytes

A

mosses along with lichens were the first to colonise rocks
they decompose rocks making the substrate material suitable for the growth of higher plants
form dense mats on the ground and lessen the impact of falling rain thus preventing soil erosion

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16
Q

bryophytes are divided into

A

liverworts

mosses

17
Q

habitats of liverworts

A

moist shady habitats, damp soil, wood, streams, etc

18
Q

example of liverworts

A

Marchantia

19
Q

the body form of liverworts

A

dorsiventral thallus closely appressed to the substrate

leafy members have leaf-like appendages in two rows on the stem-like structures

20
Q

asexual reproduction in liverworts

A

fragmentation of thallus or

formation of specialised structures called gemma

21
Q

gemmae

A

green multicellular asexual buds which develop in small receptacles called gemma cups on the thallus
the gemmae become detached from the parent body and germinate to form new individuals

22
Q

sexual reproduction in liverworts

A

male and female sex organs are produced on the same or different thalli
the sporophyte is differentiated into a foot, seta, and capsule
these spores germinate to form free-living gametophytes

23
Q

predominant stage in the life cycle of a moss

A

gametophytic

consisting of two stages

24
Q

the two stages of the moss

A

protonema stage

leafy stage

25
Q

protonema stage of a moss

A

first stage
develops directly from the spore
creeping, green, branched
frequently filamentous stage

26
Q

leafy stage of moss

A

second stage
develops from secondary protonema as a lateral bud
upright, slender axes bearing
spirally arranged leaves
attached to the soil through multicellular and branched rhizoids
this stage bears sex organs

27
Q

vegetative reproduction in mosses

A

fragmentation and budding in secondary protonema

28
Q

sexual reproduction in mosses

A

the sex organs antheridia and archegonia are produced at the apex of the leafy shoots
after fertilisation, the zygote develops into a sporophyte consisting of a foot, seta and capsule
the capsule contains spores which are formed after meiosis

29
Q

the sporophyte in mosses is

A

more elaborate than in liverworts

30
Q

spore dispersal in mosses

A

elaborate mechanism

31
Q

examples of mosses

A

sphagnum, funaria, polytrichum

biology (9 decks)

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