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biology > [plants]: ALGAE > Flashcards

[plants]: ALGAE Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

General description of algae

A 
chlorophyll-bearing
simple
thalloid
autotrophic
largely aquatic(both freshwater and marine)
organisms
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2
Q

habitats

A

mainly aquatic
moist stones, soils, wood
in association with fungi(lichens) or animals(eg sloth bear)

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3
Q

example of colonial form

A

volvox

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4
Q

examples of filamentous forms

A

ulothrix, spirogyra

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5
Q

example of plant body-like formations

A

few marine forms like kelps

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6
Q

aspects of reproduction

A

vegetative, asexual,sexual

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7
Q

vegetative reproduction is by

A

fragmentation

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8
Q

each fragment develops a

A

thallus

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9
Q

thallus

A

a plant body that is not differentiated into stem and leaves and lacks true roots and a vascular system. Thalli are typical of algae, fungi, lichens, and some liverworts.

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10
Q

asexual reproduction is by

A

formation of different types of spores, the most common being the zoospores

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11
Q

their zoospores are

A

flagellated(motile) and on germination give rise to new plants

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12
Q

sexual reproduction takes place through

A

fusion of two gametes

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13
Q

example of same sized flagellated(motile) gametes

A

ulothrix

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14
Q

example of same sized non-flagellated(non-motile) gametes

A

spirogyra

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15
Q

isogamy

A

Isogamy is a form of sexual reproduction that involves gametes of similar morphology.
Because both gametes look alike, they generally cannot be classified as male or female.

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16
Q

anisogamy

A

Anisogamy is the form of sexual reproduction that involves the union or fusion of two gametes, which differ in size and/or form. The smaller gamete is male, a sperm cell), whereas the larger gamete is female, typically an egg cell. Anisogamy is common and widespread in multicellular organisms.

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17
Q

example of anisogamous species

A

eudorina

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18
Q

example of isogamous species

A

ulothrix, spirogyra

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19
Q

example of oogamous species

A

volvox, fucus

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20
Q

oogamy

A

It is a form of anisogamy (heterogamy) in which the female gamete (e.g. egg cell) is significantly larger than the male gamete and is non-motile.

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21
Q

uses of algae

A
  1. half of CO₂ fixation on earth by photosynthesis
  2. increase the level of dissolved oxygen in the atmosphere
  3. primary producers of energy-rich compounds for aquatic life forms
  4. 70 marine species are edible like laminaria, sargassum,porphyra
  5. certain marine red and brown algae produce hydrocolloids like algin(b.a) and carrageen(r.a)
  6. agar used in jellies and ice cream from Gelidium and Gracilaria
  7. chlorella, unicell alga, rich in proteins, used as a food supplement
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22
Q

hydrocolloids

A

water-holding substances

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23
Q

three main classes of algae

A

Chlorophyceae
Phaeophyceae
Rhodophyceae

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24
Q

the common name of Chlorophyceae

A

green algae

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25
Q

pigments of grp 1

A

chlorophyll a,b

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26
Q

stored food in grp 1

A

starch

27
Q

cell wall composition of grp 1

A

cellulose(inner)

pectose(outer)

28
Q

no. of flagella in grp 1

A

2-8

29
Q

size and position of flagella in grp 1

A

equal and apical

30
Q

habitat of grp 1

A

fresh, brackish, and saltwater

31
Q

body forms of grp 1

A

unicellular, colonial, or filamentous

32
Q

the shape of chloroplasts in grp 1

A 
discoid
plate-like
reticulate
spiral
cup-shaped
ribbon-shaped
in diff species
33
Q

most members of grp 1 have one or more storage bodies called

A

pyrenoids

34
Q

pyrenoids

A

are located in the chloroplasts

proteinaceous centres surrounded by starch

35
Q

some algae(grp 1) may store food in the form of

A

oil droplets

36
Q

reproduction in grp 1

A
  1. fragmentation
  2. flagellated zoospores(from zoosporangia)
  3. isogamy, anisogamy, oogamy
37
Q

examples of green algae

A 
volvox
spirogyra
ulothrix
chlamydomonas
chara
38
Q

the common name of Phaeophyceae

A

brown algae

39
Q

major pigments in grp 2

A

chlorophyll a,c,
xanthophyll,
fucoxanthin

40
Q

stored food in grp 2

A

mannitol

laminarin

41
Q

cell wall composition in grp 2

A

cellulose(inner)

algin(gelatinous outer covering)

42
Q

no. of flagella in grp 2

A

2

43
Q

size and position of flagella in grp 2

A

unequal

lateral

44
Q

habitats of grp 2

A

primarily marine
brackish, saltwater
freshwater(rare)

45
Q

body forms of grp 2

A

simple branched filamentous forms(eg Ectocarpus)

to profuse branched forms(like kelps reaching even 100m)

46
Q

colour variation of grp 2

A

olive green to different shades of brown

47
Q

the protoplast of grp 2 contains

A

plastids
centrally located vacuole
nucleus

48
Q

parts of grp 2

A

holdfast-attaches itself to the substratum
stipe-stalk like structure
frond-leaf-like photosynthetic organ

49
Q

vegetative reproduction in grp 2

A

fragmentation

50
Q

asexual reproduction in grp 2

A

pear-shaped biflagellate zoospores having two unequal laterally attached flagella

51
Q

sexual reproduction in grp 2

A

isogamy
anisogamy
oogamy

52
Q

union of gametes of grp 2 takes place in

A

water or oogonium in oogamous species

53
Q

the shape of gametes in grp 2

A

pyriform(pear-shaped)

2 unequal lateral flagella

54
Q

examples of brown algae

A 
ectocarpus,
dictyota
laminaria
sargassum
fucus
55
Q

the common name of Rhodophyceae

A

red algae

56
Q

major pigments of grp 3

A

chlorophyll a,d

r-phycoerythrin

57
Q

habitats of grp 3

A

mostly marine and conc in warmer areas
brackish water
freshwater(some)
both well-lighted regions and great depths

58
Q

stored food in grp 3

A 
floridean starch
(similar to amylopectin and glycogen in structure)
59
Q

cell wall composition of grp 3

A

cellulose
pectin
polysulphesters

60
Q

the body form of grp 3

A

the red thalli of most red algae are multicellular and some have complex body organisation

61
Q

vegetative reproduction in grp 3

A

fragmentation

62
Q

asexual reproduction in red algae

A

non-motile spores

63
Q

sexual reproduction in red algae

A

non-motile gametes(oogamy)

followed by complex post fertilisation developments

64
Q

examples of red algae

A

gelidium
gracilaria
porphyra

biology (9 decks)

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