Plants

Question 1

Flower

Answer 1

The flower is the sexual reproduction organ of the plant

Question 2

Leaf

Answer 2

Leaf makes food for the plant (photosynthesis), cools the plant when water vapour passes through it. It allows the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen.

Question 3

Fruit

Answer 3

Protects seeds, provides food for seeds

Question 4

The bud

Answer 4

Allows new leaves and flowers to grow

Question 5

Stem

Answer 5

The stem allows the transport of food, water and minerals around the plant, it also supports the plant and holds it upright. Stems store food (e.g potato)

Question 6

Roots

Answer 6

Anchor and support, they take in water and nutrients, they can also store food (e.g carrots and turnips)

Question 7

Transport in plants

Answer 7

• Transport in plants: There are vessels in a plant, the xylem and the phloem.
• Water is absorbed up through the roots, and travels to the leaves and the tips of the plant through the xylem.
• Food from the leaves travels to other parts of the plant in the phloem.

Question 8

Transpiration

Answer 8

Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from the stomata of the leaves.
The stomata are little holes on the underside of the leaves.
The flow of water from the roots, up through the plant, and out the leaves is called the transpiration stream.

Question 9

Plant

Answer 9

A stimulus is anything that causes a response in an organism
Plants respond to the stimuli of light and gravity

Question 10

Shoots tropism and Roots tropism

Answer 10

Shoots tropism: Shoots/stems are positively phototropic, negatively geotropic.
Roots tropism: Roots are negatively phototropic, positively geotropic.

Question 11

Why is geotropism good?

Answer 11

It makes sure plant roots travel down to find water and minerals in soil.
Having deep roots means the plant is anchored in the soil

Question 12

Why is phototropism good?

Answer 12

It makes sure plants get enough light for photosynthesis, so that they can make food.

Question 13

Photosynthesis

Answer 13

Photosynthesis is the process where green plants make food using light energy.

Question 14

Chlorophyll

Answer 14

Chlorophyll is found in chloroplasts in plant cells, it’s a chemical needed for photosynthesis.

Question 15

Stomata

Answer 15

Are little holes on the underside of the leaves (like human pores)

Question 16

Male and female cells

Answer 16

Male cells are pollen, female cells are called egg cells

Question 17

Sepal

Answer 17

Protects the flower before it blooms

Question 18

Petals

Answer 18

Coloured and scented to attract insects

Question 19

Male parts

Answer 19

Stamen made up it filament and anther

Question 20

Filament

Answer 20

Holds up anther

Question 21

Anther

Answer 21

Makes pollen

Question 22

Female parts

Answer 22

Carpel, made up of the stigma, style and ovary

Question 23

Ovary

Answer 23

Makes the egg of ovule (gamete)

Question 24

Stigma

Answer 24

Pollen lands and sticks to it

Question 25

Style

Answer 25

Makes a tube for the pollen (male gamete) to travel down to the egg (female gamete)

Question 26

Pollination

Answer 26

Pollination is the transfer of the pollen from the stamen (anther) of one plant to the carpel (stigma) of another
There are 2 types:
Insect pollination and wind pollination

Question 27

Fertilisation

Answer 27

Fertilisation is the fusion of the male gamete nucleus with the female gamete nucleus to form a zygote

Question 28

Zygote

Answer 28

The zygote divides and develops into the plant embryo

Question 29

Plumule + radicle

Answer 29

The embryo is made up of: The plumule will become the plant shoot. The radicle will become the plant root.

Question 30

Seed

Answer 30

Fertilised egg

Question 31

Fruit

Answer 31

Ovary swells to become the fruit

Question 32

Functions of the fruit

Answer 32

Fruit protects the seed or seeds
Allows seeds to be carried away
Some fruits provide food for the seed to develop

Question 33

2 types of fruit

Answer 33

Can be fleshy or dry

Question 34

Seed dispersal

Answer 34

Seed dispersal is the way plants spread their seeds around. Seeds need to be carried away from the parent plant so they won’t compete for space, light, water and minerals

Question 35

Asexual reproduction

Answer 35

Only involves one parent

Question 36

Bulbs

Answer 36

Tulips and daffodils make bulbs

Question 37

Cutting

Answer 37

Sometimes if a leaf or a piece of stem from a plant is cut off and planted it can grow into another plant e.g. geraniums.

Question 38

Grafting

Answer 38

Joining the bud or stem if one plant to another well developed plant e.g. fruit trees

Question 39

Micropropagation

Answer 39

Tissue culture. A small sample of tissues is taken from a plant and grown in a lab.