Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology-12 > Plants > Flashcards

Plants Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cuticle

A

Waxy layer covering the epidermis of plants that protects from water loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Stomata

A

Microscopic opening bordered by guard cells in the leaves of plants through which gas exchange occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Did you make this brainscape deck?

A

NO YOU DIDNT SO STOP USING IT! ASK BEFORE SHEEESH! I spent literally 5+ hours making these so for you to steal them is not right. Do your own work or pay me to use these cards. I can tell who is using these cards to btw.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Xylem and phloem

A

Xylem transports water and soluble mineral nutrients from roots upwards. It is responsible for replacing water loss through transpiration and photosynthesis.

Phloem: Translocates sugars made by photosynthetic areas of plants to storage organs like roots and bulbs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Seed

A

An encapsulated plant embryo; a fertilization ovule of a plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Spore

A

Small, single called reproductive body that is resistant to adverse conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Alternation of generations

A

Life cycle that has two alternating phases- a haploid (N) phase and a diploid (2N) phase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process of procuring carbohydrates from light energy. Includes light independent and light dependent reactions.

6CO2 +6H2O—Light—> C6H12O6 + 6O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Rhizoid

A

An outgrowth in a moss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fruit

A

Sweet, fleshy product of a plant that contains a seed and can be eaten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sorus (sori)

A

Little packets of sporangia (spores) found on the underside of the frond leaflets.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sporophyte

A

The asexual and usually diploid phase that produces spores. Dominant in calcular plants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Gametophyte

A

The gamete producing and usually haploid phase producing the zygote.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cones

A

The dry fruit of a conifer that releases seeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ovary

A

Contains ovules where seeds are fertilized. Will mature into fruit!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pollination

A

An animal usually an insect carries pollen from flower to flower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Transpiration

A

Loss of water from a plant through its leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Embryo

A

Part of a seed containing 1 or 2 cotyledons, tissues for leaves, roots and stems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cotyledon

A

The first leaf or pair of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pollen

Pollen tube

A

In seed plants the sperm producing male gametophytes.

In seed plants, a tube that forms when a pollen grain lands on the stigma and germinates. The tube grows to reach the egg inside an ovule, where fertilization occurs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Germination

A

Resumption of growth of the plant embryo

22
Q

Petiole

A

Thin stalk that connects the blade of a leaf to a stem

23
Q

Archegonium

Antheridium

A

Egg producing structure, as in the moss life cycle

Sperm producing structure

24
Q

Flower

A

Seed brewing part of a plant consisting of reproductive organs

25
Q

What are the basic needs of a plant

A

Water, minerals, gas exchange, light

26
Q

Non vascular plants

A

Lack vascular tissue and reproduce by releasing spores. Usually live in moist, cool, environments. (Mosses, liverworts, hornworts)

27
Q

Non seed vascular plants

A

Require continuous film of water through which sperm swim to the egg. Vascular tissue transports water and nutrients throughout plant. Support allows them to grow tall. (ferns)

28
Q

Seed plants

A

Vascular plants that produce naked seeds, as well as plants that produce flowers and have seeds enclosed in fruit. (Angiosperms or gymnosperms)

29
Q

Fiddle head and habitat of fern

A

First appearance of a fern sporophyte. When the rhizome grows horizontally in the soil, new fiddleheads become new fronds.

30
Q

What is the above part of a gametophyte called? Below?

A

Prothallus

Thallus (arch and anth)

31
Q

Describe gymnosperms (evergreens)

A
  • seed coat
  • stored food help survive conditions
  • adapted for cold/ dry weather
  • tough needle like leaves conserve water with thick cuticle and recessed stomata
  • naked seeds in cones
32
Q

Pollen cone

Seed cones

A

Small, near tip of lower branches

Bigger, near tip of higher branches

33
Q

Epidermis

Veins

Cutin

A

Protective layer

Transports needed materials throughout leaf

Protects from water loss

34
Q

Guard cells

Palisade layer and spongy layer

A

Controls stromatolites opening and closing

Photosynthesis cells

35
Q

What is the method of reproduction for non vascular plants

A

Spores

36
Q

Compare gymnosperms and angiosperms

A

Gymno

  • Naked seeds in cones
  • Evergreen/ conifers
  • Wind pollination
  • Needles, thick cuticle, seed coat

Angio

  • Flowers and fruit
  • Monocots/ dicots
  • ovary
  • seeds develop in chamber
37
Q

Annuals

Perennials

Biannuals

A

Live for one growing season then die

Come back every spring

Takes two years to complete its lifestyle. First years it’s small, second year it grows taller.

38
Q

Monocots characteristics

A 
Single cotyledon 
Parallel veins 
Petals in multiples of 3
Vascular bundles scattered
Fibrous roots

Examples orchids and iris

39
Q

Dicots traits

A 
Two cotyledons 
Branched veins
Petals in multiples of 4,5
Vascular ring 
Taproot examples roses and maple tree
40
Q

Function of roots, stems, veins and leaves

A
  • Support plant, anchor it, store food, and absorb water and dissolved nutrients from the soil.
  • Produces leaves, branches, flowers; hold leaves upward to sun; transport substances through plants.
  • transport water through xylem and nutrients through phloem
  • photosynthesis and gas exchange
41
Q

Taproot

Fibrous root

A

Straight tapering root growing vertically downward. (Dicots)

Grow downward and outward with repeating branches to form a mass of roots

42
Q

Dermal tissue

A

Covers a plant almost like skin

43
Q

Vascular tissue

A

Forms a pipeline system that supports the plant by transporting water and nutrients

44
Q

Ground tissue

A

Produces and stores food

45
Q

Trichomes

A

Tiny projections that help protect the leaf and may give it a fuzzy feel

46
Q

Meristem

A

Region of unspecialized cells responsible for continuing growth throughout a lifetime. Found in places where plants grow rapidly aka tips, roots, stems.

47
Q

Nodes

Buds

A

Part of a growing stem where a leaf is attached

Plant structure containing apical meristem tissue that can produce new stems and leaves.

48
Q

Blade

A

Thin, flattened part of a plant leaf

49
Q

Describe the moss lifecycle

A

Spores germinate into a young haploid gametophyte. Male gametophytes (anth) release sperm that enter the female gametophyte (arch) by swimming. A zygote is formed and enters the diploid phase. A young sporophyte sprouts into a stalk and capsule or mature sporophyte. The capsule release spores and the cycle continues.

50
Q

Describe the fern life cycle

A

The underside of a front had sori, which are packets of spores. In the sporangium spores undergo meiosis and become diploid. They are released and germinate into the gametophyte. The prothallus has archegonium and antheridium (tip). The flagellated sperm swim to the eggs during moisture. The fertilized sporophyte zygote becomes diploid. First leaf grows out of the archegonium and roots develop under. Sporophyte develops a rhizome from which fronts project.

51
Q

Describe the life cycle of a coniferous plant

A

The pollen cone has ovules containing a microsporocyte that under goes meiosis to become a pollen grain. The seed cones have ovules with mega spores that undergo meiosis to create 4 megaspores. A pollen grain blown by wind lands near and egg and is brought to the ovule. A pollen tube will carry two haploid sperm to the egg. One will fertilize it and become a seed made with embryo, stored food and a seed coat. The seed will grow into a sporophyte.

52
Q

What are some plant adaptations?

A
  1. Thin leaves have a thick cuticle to conserve water loss
  2. Broad leaves capture sunlight/absorbs water
  3. Carnivorous eat insects in nitrogen poor locations
  4. Parasitic uses a host for necessary minerals for growth

Biology-12 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions