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Biology-12 > Plants > Flashcards

Plants Flashcards

1
Q

Cuticle

A

Waxy layer covering the epidermis of plants that protects from water loss

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2
Q

Stomata

A

Microscopic opening bordered by guard cells in the leaves of plants through which gas exchange occurs

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3
Q

Did you make this brainscape deck?

A

NO YOU DIDNT SO STOP USING IT! ASK BEFORE SHEEESH! I spent literally 5+ hours making these so for you to steal them is not right. Do your own work or pay me to use these cards. I can tell who is using these cards to btw.

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4
Q

Xylem and phloem

A

Xylem transports water and soluble mineral nutrients from roots upwards. It is responsible for replacing water loss through transpiration and photosynthesis.

Phloem: Translocates sugars made by photosynthetic areas of plants to storage organs like roots and bulbs.

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5
Q

Seed

A

An encapsulated plant embryo; a fertilization ovule of a plant

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6
Q

Spore

A

Small, single called reproductive body that is resistant to adverse conditions.

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7
Q

Alternation of generations

A

Life cycle that has two alternating phases- a haploid (N) phase and a diploid (2N) phase.

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8
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process of procuring carbohydrates from light energy. Includes light independent and light dependent reactions.

6CO2 +6H2O—Light—> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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9
Q

Rhizoid

A

An outgrowth in a moss

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10
Q

Fruit

A

Sweet, fleshy product of a plant that contains a seed and can be eaten

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11
Q

Sorus (sori)

A

Little packets of sporangia (spores) found on the underside of the frond leaflets.

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12
Q

Sporophyte

A

The asexual and usually diploid phase that produces spores. Dominant in calcular plants.

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13
Q

Gametophyte

A

The gamete producing and usually haploid phase producing the zygote.

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14
Q

Cones

A

The dry fruit of a conifer that releases seeds

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15
Q

Ovary

A

Contains ovules where seeds are fertilized. Will mature into fruit!

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16
Q

Pollination

A

An animal usually an insect carries pollen from flower to flower

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17
Q

Transpiration

A

Loss of water from a plant through its leaves

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18
Q

Embryo

A

Part of a seed containing 1 or 2 cotyledons, tissues for leaves, roots and stems.

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19
Q

Cotyledon

A

The first leaf or pair of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant.

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20
Q

Pollen

Pollen tube

A

In seed plants the sperm producing male gametophytes.

In seed plants, a tube that forms when a pollen grain lands on the stigma and germinates. The tube grows to reach the egg inside an ovule, where fertilization occurs.

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21
Q

Germination

A

Resumption of growth of the plant embryo

22
Q

Petiole

A

Thin stalk that connects the blade of a leaf to a stem

23
Q

Archegonium

Antheridium

A

Egg producing structure, as in the moss life cycle

Sperm producing structure

24
Q

Flower

A

Seed brewing part of a plant consisting of reproductive organs

25
What are the basic needs of a plant
Water, minerals, gas exchange, light
26
Non vascular plants
Lack vascular tissue and reproduce by releasing spores. Usually live in moist, cool, environments. (Mosses, liverworts, hornworts)
27
Non seed vascular plants
Require continuous film of water through which sperm swim to the egg. Vascular tissue transports water and nutrients throughout plant. Support allows them to grow tall. (ferns)
28
Seed plants
Vascular plants that produce naked seeds, as well as plants that produce flowers and have seeds enclosed in fruit. (Angiosperms or gymnosperms)
29
Fiddle head and habitat of fern
First appearance of a fern sporophyte. When the rhizome grows horizontally in the soil, new fiddleheads become new fronds.
30
What is the above part of a gametophyte called? Below?
Prothallus Thallus (arch and anth)
31
Describe gymnosperms (evergreens)
- seed coat - stored food help survive conditions - adapted for cold/ dry weather - tough needle like leaves conserve water with thick cuticle and recessed stomata - naked seeds in cones
32
Pollen cone Seed cones
Small, near tip of lower branches Bigger, near tip of higher branches
33
Epidermis Veins Cutin
Protective layer Transports needed materials throughout leaf Protects from water loss
34
Guard cells Palisade layer and spongy layer
Controls stromatolites opening and closing Photosynthesis cells
35
What is the method of reproduction for non vascular plants
Spores
36
Compare gymnosperms and angiosperms
Gymno - Naked seeds in cones - Evergreen/ conifers - Wind pollination - Needles, thick cuticle, seed coat Angio - Flowers and fruit - Monocots/ dicots - ovary - seeds develop in chamber
37
Annuals Perennials Biannuals
Live for one growing season then die Come back every spring Takes two years to complete its lifestyle. First years it’s small, second year it grows taller.
38
Monocots characteristics
``` Single cotyledon Parallel veins Petals in multiples of 3 Vascular bundles scattered Fibrous roots ``` Examples orchids and iris
39
Dicots traits
``` Two cotyledons Branched veins Petals in multiples of 4,5 Vascular ring Taproot examples roses and maple tree ```
40
Function of roots, stems, veins and leaves
- Support plant, anchor it, store food, and absorb water and dissolved nutrients from the soil. - Produces leaves, branches, flowers; hold leaves upward to sun; transport substances through plants. - transport water through xylem and nutrients through phloem - photosynthesis and gas exchange
41
Taproot Fibrous root
Straight tapering root growing vertically downward. (Dicots) Grow downward and outward with repeating branches to form a mass of roots
42
Dermal tissue
Covers a plant almost like skin
43
Vascular tissue
Forms a pipeline system that supports the plant by transporting water and nutrients
44
Ground tissue
Produces and stores food
45
Trichomes
Tiny projections that help protect the leaf and may give it a fuzzy feel
46
Meristem
Region of unspecialized cells responsible for continuing growth throughout a lifetime. Found in places where plants grow rapidly aka tips, roots, stems.
47
Nodes Buds
Part of a growing stem where a leaf is attached Plant structure containing apical meristem tissue that can produce new stems and leaves.
48
Blade
Thin, flattened part of a plant leaf
49
Describe the moss lifecycle
Spores germinate into a young haploid gametophyte. Male gametophytes (anth) release sperm that enter the female gametophyte (arch) by swimming. A zygote is formed and enters the diploid phase. A young sporophyte sprouts into a stalk and capsule or mature sporophyte. The capsule release spores and the cycle continues.
50
Describe the fern life cycle
The underside of a front had sori, which are packets of spores. In the sporangium spores undergo meiosis and become diploid. They are released and germinate into the gametophyte. The prothallus has archegonium and antheridium (tip). The flagellated sperm swim to the eggs during moisture. The fertilized sporophyte zygote becomes diploid. First leaf grows out of the archegonium and roots develop under. Sporophyte develops a rhizome from which fronts project.
51
Describe the life cycle of a coniferous plant
The pollen cone has ovules containing a microsporocyte that under goes meiosis to become a pollen grain. The seed cones have ovules with mega spores that undergo meiosis to create 4 megaspores. A pollen grain blown by wind lands near and egg and is brought to the ovule. A pollen tube will carry two haploid sperm to the egg. One will fertilize it and become a seed made with embryo, stored food and a seed coat. The seed will grow into a sporophyte.
52
What are some plant adaptations?
1. Thin leaves have a thick cuticle to conserve water loss 2. Broad leaves capture sunlight/absorbs water 3. Carnivorous eat insects in nitrogen poor locations 4. Parasitic uses a host for necessary minerals for growth

Biology-12 (4 decks)

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