Plants 4A Flashcards
1
Q
chloroplasts
A
- organelles found in plant cells
- site of photosynthesis
2
Q
what surrounds a chloroplast?
A
chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane, which controls the entry and exit of molecules into and out of the chloroplast
3
Q
when do the light dependent reactions take place?
A
only in the presence of light
4
Q
when do the light-independent reactions take place?
A
they take place during both light and dark conditions
5
Q
light-dependent reaction
A
- use chlorophyll to harvest light energy
- only take place in presence of light
6
Q
light-independent reaction
A
- glucose is formed
- take place during both light and dark conditions
7
Q
thylakoids
A
- membrane bound flattened discs
- where light dependent reactions take place
- contain chlorophyll + enzymes needed for reactions
8
Q
granum
A
- stack of thylakoids
- more efficient light absorption
9
Q
lamellae
A
- flattened membranes which connect thylakoids on different grana
- allow chemicals to pass between the grana
10
Q
stroma
A
- fluid found in chloroplasts containing enzymes
- site of light-independent reactions
- where glucose is produced
11
Q
starch granules
A
stores of starch
12
Q
how do chloroplasts produce their own proteins?
A
- contain loop DNA with the genes coding of proteins needed for photosynthesis
- ribosomes synthesise proteins encoded by chloroplast DNA
13
Q
which type of biological molecule is cellulose?
A
polysaccharide
14
Q
which structure stores starch in a plant cell?
A
amyloplast
15
Q
how are proteins modified, packaged and secreted by cells?
A
- polypeptide is synthesised at the ribosome on the rER and folds into its secondary and tertiary structure; 3D
- the protein is packaged into vesicles by the rER
- vesicles move fuse with the Golgi apparatus/vesicles form Golgi
- protein is modified in the Golgi apparatus
- protein is transferred in vesicles from Golgi to the cell surface membrane
- vesicles fuse with cell membrane
- protein is secreted by exocytosis
