Plants Flashcards
What are the three types of meristematic cells?
Apical meristems, Intercalary meristems, lateral meristems.
Import plant ones from grade 10
What are guard cells?
Control opening and closing of the stomata which allow gas exchange.
What are trichomes?
Fuzzy growths on surface. Epidermal tissue. Keep plant cool by reducing evaporation- holding on to water.
Root hairs?
Epidermal tissue. Tiny hair like extension of individual epidermal cells on plant roots. Increases surface area and therefore water and nutrient absorption.
What do intercalary meristems do?
Promote growth between nodes (kind of stretch the shoot).
What are apical meristems?
Differentiate and grow the plant from the tips of the roots and shoots. Grows new nodes.
What are lateral meristems.
Grows the thickness of the plant.
What is the root cap?
A covering on the tip of the root made of parenchyma cells to protect growing tissues.
What is the root cortex?
Region under epidermis made of parenchyma cells which store carbs and help transport water from epidermis to xylem.
What is the endodermis?
Wraps around the vascular cylinder.
What is a monocot?
Seed embryos have one leaf.
Xylem is around edges in circle pattern in monocot roots. Phloem cells surround these xylem in rings.
Is monocot stems the vascular bundles are distributed around the cross section randomly.
What is a dicot?
Produce seed embryos which have 2 leaves. In root, Xylem in x formation. Phloem between each arm of x.
In stem, ring of vascular bundles with inside being xylem outside phloem and vascular cambium of meristematic tissue in between
What is the zone of elongation? Where is it?
It is where cells are growing and stretching. Between apical meristem and zone of maturation.
What’s the zone of maturation/differenciation? Where?
Where newly formed cells mature and differentiate. Before the zone of elongation.
What is the vascular Cambium?
Located in dicot stems between the phloem on the outside and the xylem in the inside. A layer of meristematic deviding cells.
Where are vascular bundles in roots?
Xylem are in a circle pattern in monocots, in an x in dicots. Phloem surround these.
What is sapwood?
Layers between heartwood(center) and vascular cambrium. Living functioning xylem. Softer lighter colour.
What kind of turgor pressure do plant cells need to stay healthy?
Hypertonic (more water in than out) making a turgid cell.
What are the three cell pressures and the type of cell they are, as well as what it means.
Hypotonic pressure (less water in than out)- plasmolyzed cell
Isotonic pressure (same amount of water in and out)- Flaccid cell
Hypertonic pressure (more water in than out)- Turgid cell
Alternate leaves?
Opposite leaves
Opposite leaves
Palmate leaves?
Pinnate leaves
