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Biology- year 8 > Plants > Flashcards

Plants Flashcards

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1
Q

What is biomass?

A

the mass of living material in an area

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2
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

the reaction plants use to make their own food from carbon dioxide and water

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3
Q

What are palisade cells?

A

It is where most photosynthesis takes place. It is located near the top of the leaf.

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4
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

Plenty of them are found in palisade cells. They absorb light energy.

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5
Q

What is a xylem?

A

a hollow tube that water and minerals travel along in a plant

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6
Q

What are stomata?

A

Tiny pores on the underside of leaves through which Carbon Dioxide from the air diffuses into the leaf.

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7
Q

What is spongy mesophyll?

A

Layer at the bottom of the leaf that makes it easy for gases to circulate.

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8
Q

What does wilt mean?

A

When a plant’s stem and leaves drop because they cannot support themselves without water.

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9
Q

What does turgid mean?

A

When a plant is kept firm and rigid by vacuoles pushing against its cell walls.

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10
Q

What is transpiration?

A

The flow of water through a plant.

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11
Q

What are guard cells?

A

Two of them surround each stomata.

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12
Q

What reaction do plants use?

A

photosynthesis

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13
Q

Why do plants use reactions?

A

to build biomass

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14
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water + (light energy) → glucose + oxygen

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15
Q

How do cells release energy from glucose?

A

using respiration

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16
Q

What happens to the glucose that cannot be stored in a cell?

A

they join to form giant molecules of starch

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17
Q

What keeps a plant cell turgid?

A

plant cell vacuoles pushing against their cell walls

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18
Q

What happens if there isn’t enough water in the plant?

A

vacuoles shrink and the cells become flaccid, which causes the plant to wilt

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19
Q

What is stored in a vacuole?

A

minerals

20
Q

What happens when water evaporates through the stomata in the leaf?

A

water is pulled up from the xylem vessels to replace it, acting like a straw

21
Q

When do stomata close and why?

A

at night because photosynthesis is no longer active and when the leaf is short of water

22
Q

What are trees excellent at building?

A

biomass

23
Q

What are inside the trees’ leaves cells?

A

chloroplasts, which have a green pigment called chlorophyll which can absorb sunlight, and combine carbon dioxide & water to form sugar and oxygen.

24
Q

Why do we need plants?

A

oxygen and glucose

25
Q

How do plants use the glucose they make?

A

they use one half of it for respiration and the other half for growth

26
Q

What kind of energy does photosynthesis use to produce glucose?

A

solar energy

27
Q

What do glucose molecules contain?

A

stored energy

28
Q

What is the word equation for respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

29
Q

What is the structure of a leaf?

A

-Palisade cells have the most chloroplasts and absorb most of the light energy plants need for photosynthesis

-a stoma is a gap in the bottom of a leaf that lets gas molecules in and out

-leaves have many stomata

-guard cells surround the stomata and make them open and close

-the cells in the epidermis are transparent to let light through and covered with a waxy layer to make the leaf waterproof

-Water-delivery tubes (xylem vessels) carry water up from the roots

-glucose-delivery tubes (phloem tubes) carry glucose to cells that do not carry out photosynthesis

-The two sorts of delivery tubes run through the leaf in veins

-the spongy mesophyll cells are surrounded by air spaces which let gases diffuse through the leaf

30
Q

What is glucose?

A

it is a simple sugar that dissolves easily (it’s soluble)

31
Q

Why is starch a macromolecule?

A

because it is made up of hundreds of glucose all joined together

32
Q

How long can leaves store up starch?

A

2-3 days

33
Q

How do you test a leaf for starch?

A

-dip a leaf in boiling water for about a minute to soften it

-put the leaf into a test tube of ethanol

-stand the test tube in a beaker of hot water for about 10 mins

-wash the leaf in cold water

-spread the leaf out flat on a petri dish and cover it with iodine solution

-if the leaf goes black/blue, starch is present

34
Q

Why is this a scientific question?
‘does the temperature of the water affect the time it takes pond weed to release 1cm3 of oxygen?’

A

because it has a variable that can be changed or compared and it also has a variable that can be observed or measured

35
Q

Why is measuring the volume of oxygen released in a certain time a good measure of the rate of photosynthesis?

A

because photosynthesis releases oxygen, and by measuring how much oxygen is released, we can know the rate of photosynthesis

36
Q

Why is it useful to plot a graph of results?

A

because it makes it easier to identify any trends or patterns in the results

37
Q

How do water and minerals enter and leave the plant?

A

leaves - water evaporates from leaf surface via stomata
The SUN evaporates water in leaves. The water vapour leaves via holes called stomata on the bottom of the leaves.

stem - water moves up xylem in the stem from roots to leaves
This pulls more water up through the xylem vessels to replace it.
The xylem vessels are hollow tubes.
They run up the stem connecting the veins in the leaves to the roots.

ROOTS - water absorbed to replace lost water at the top, helped by root hair cells.
The roots maintain the plant’s water supply by absorbing more from the soil.
Root hairs give the root a very large surface area.

38
Q

What is biomass made of?

A

glucose and minerals

39
Q

What do plants need for photosynthesis?

A

sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water

40
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place?

A

palisade layer

41
Q

the water and minerals travel in a hollow tube called?

A

xylem

42
Q

What layer is at the bottom of a leaf?

A

spongy mesophyll

43
Q

What do plants need to respire?

A

glucose

44
Q

How do you know if starch is present in a leaf?

A

iodine solution turns blue black colour
(this is a shorter version instead of the long stuff in the other question)

45
Q

where does water evaporate through?

A

the stomata

Biology- year 8 (4 decks)

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