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Biology- year 8 > Circulation > Flashcards

Circulation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is plasma?

A

Watery liquid full of tiny cells it is the liquid of blood and is yellow, it only looks red because of all the red blood cells.

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2
Q

What are capillaries?

A

The narrowest blood vessels.

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3
Q

What does anaemic mean?

A

Suffers from Anaemia.

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4
Q

What does diaphgram mean?

A

Thick sheet of muscle

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5
Q

What does trachea mean?

A

A strong tube that carries air down from your nose.

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6
Q

What is gas exchange?

A

The swapping of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide in your lungs.

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7
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

A diet with all the nutrients your cells need to function properly.

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8
Q

What does optimum mean?

A

The ideal environment for a process to work at its best performance.

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9
Q

What are the features of a red blood cell?

A

bi-concave shape makes them flexible and increases their surface area

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10
Q

What is the function of a red blood cell?

A

they transport oxygen in the blood using haemoglobin around the body

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11
Q

What are the features of a white blood cell?

A

large nucleus

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11
Q

What is the function of a white blood cell?

A

they help to destroy microorganisms that cause infectious diseases and help keep our bodies healthy

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12
Q

What are the features of platelets?

A

small fragments of cells (look dark purple when stained)

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13
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

they produce a tangle of protein strands that trap red blood cells and form blood clots to prevent infection

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14
Q

What is blood made of?

A

Blood is made up of liquid (55%) and cells (45%).
Blood plasma is….
90% water
10% dissolve materials such as:
Glucose from small intestine
Carbon Dioxide from cells
Urea from liver

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15
Q

What do capillaries deliver?

A

useful substances to cells and remove wastes.
Useful - Oxygen, glucose, amino acids, hormones & minerals.
Wasteful - Carbon dioxide & urea
They are able to deliver & remove wastes by DIFFUSION.

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16
Q

What do molecules do?

A

Molecules diffuse from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

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17
Q

What are the three parts of the circulatory system?

A

heart, blood vessels, blood

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18
Q

What is the main job of the circulatory system?

A

to supply the body with oxygen and glucose so cells can respire to produce energy.

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19
Q

What do scientists use models for?

A

to show how the blood moves around the body and to make it easier to understand they colour oxygenated blood RED (full of oxygen) & deoxygenated blood BLUE(short of oxygen).A model is a simple way of representing more complicated structures or ideas.

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20
Q

What happens when the heart muscle contracts?

A

a heart beat is felt

21
Q

What does the heart do?

A

it pumps blood around the body to deliver oxygen and nutrients

22
Q

What are the 3 blood vessels?

A

arteries, veins and capillaries

23
Q

What do red meats and fast food contain a lot of?

A

cholesterol (sticky fat)

24
Q

How is plaque formed?

A

by cholesterol building up in arteries

25
Q

What is plaque?

A

a layer of fat on the inside of arteries

26
Q

Why can plaque be bad for you?

A

plaque building up inside of arteries makes them narrower which reduces blood flow to all muscles including the heart

27
Q

What does a blood pressure monitor do? (this will most likely not come on exam)

A

it can see your health status

28
Q

What does a high number on a blood pressure monitor show? (this will most likely not come on exam)

A

the pressure in the arteries when the heart is pumping blood out to the body or it’s contracting.

29
Q

What does a low number on a blood pressure monitor show? (this will most likely not come on exam)

A

the pressure in the arteries between beats (when the hearts is relaxing – remember it’s a muscle)

30
Q

How else can plaque be dangerous?

A

It can break away from the artery wall and travel in the blood and can block an artery somewhere else. (FAT CLOT)

It can tear the artery causing the body to try to heal it using platelets which form a blood clot, blocking the artery.

31
Q

Which cell is the largest cell under microscopic vision?

A

white blood cell

32
Q

Why do red blood cells have a biconcave shape?

A

to give them a large surface area to take in oxygen

33
Q

Why are red blood cells flexible?

A

so they can squeeze through capillaries

34
Q

What does plasma do?

A

plasma transports substances and it carries urea to your kidneys to be excreted in your urine

35
Q

from where does the plasma transport digested food?

A

small intestine

36
Q

Where do oxygen and glucose diffuse?

A

into cells

37
Q

Where does carbon dioxide diffuse?

A

blood

38
Q

What happens to red blood cells when you have sickle cell anaemia? (i dont think its coming in exam)

A

red blood cells curve into long C-shapes, they get stick in the narrow blood vessels and it can block them which causes tissue damage and pain

39
Q

What does the protozoa do?

A

feed on haemoglobin, reproduce and invade other cells

40
Q

What happens to the infected red blood cell?

A

They become sticky and can block small blood vessels causing pain.

41
Q

What does malaria cause?

A

fever, headaches, pain and itching

42
Q

What is the worst case scenario in having malaria?

A

it can invade the brain which causes mental confusion and fatigue

43
Q

How can doctors know your diagnosis?

A

by doing blood tests

44
Q

What do valves do?

A

prevent backflow of blood

45
Q

What do arteries do?

A

carry blood away from the heart and into the body

46
Q

What do veins do?

A

carry blood to the heart

47
Q

the yellow plaque is a mixture of?

A

cholesterol, fat and blood cells

48
Q

What does high blood pressure damage?

A

heart, brain, vision and kidneys

49
Q

What does a heart attack victim feel?

A

pain in their chest and left arm

50
Q

What happens when the blood supply to the brain gets blocked?

A

it causes a stroke

51
Q

What are symptoms of stroke?

A

face droops to one side, cant lift arms up, struggle to speak

Biology- year 8 (4 decks)

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