Circulation Flashcards
What is plasma?
Watery liquid full of tiny cells it is the liquid of blood and is yellow, it only looks red because of all the red blood cells.
What are capillaries?
The narrowest blood vessels.
What does anaemic mean?
Suffers from Anaemia.
What does diaphgram mean?
Thick sheet of muscle
What does trachea mean?
A strong tube that carries air down from your nose.
What is gas exchange?
The swapping of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide in your lungs.
What is a balanced diet?
A diet with all the nutrients your cells need to function properly.
What does optimum mean?
The ideal environment for a process to work at its best performance.
What are the features of a red blood cell?
bi-concave shape makes them flexible and increases their surface area
What is the function of a red blood cell?
they transport oxygen in the blood using haemoglobin around the body
What are the features of a white blood cell?
large nucleus
What is the function of a white blood cell?
they help to destroy microorganisms that cause infectious diseases and help keep our bodies healthy
What are the features of platelets?
small fragments of cells (look dark purple when stained)
What is the function of platelets?
they produce a tangle of protein strands that trap red blood cells and form blood clots to prevent infection
What is blood made of?
Blood is made up of liquid (55%) and cells (45%).
Blood plasma is….
90% water
10% dissolve materials such as:
Glucose from small intestine
Carbon Dioxide from cells
Urea from liver
What do capillaries deliver?
useful substances to cells and remove wastes.
Useful - Oxygen, glucose, amino acids, hormones & minerals.
Wasteful - Carbon dioxide & urea
They are able to deliver & remove wastes by DIFFUSION.
What do molecules do?
Molecules diffuse from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
What are the three parts of the circulatory system?
heart, blood vessels, blood
What is the main job of the circulatory system?
to supply the body with oxygen and glucose so cells can respire to produce energy.
What do scientists use models for?
to show how the blood moves around the body and to make it easier to understand they colour oxygenated blood RED (full of oxygen) & deoxygenated blood BLUE(short of oxygen).A model is a simple way of representing more complicated structures or ideas.
What happens when the heart muscle contracts?
a heart beat is felt
What does the heart do?
it pumps blood around the body to deliver oxygen and nutrients
What are the 3 blood vessels?
arteries, veins and capillaries
What do red meats and fast food contain a lot of?
cholesterol (sticky fat)
How is plaque formed?
by cholesterol building up in arteries
What is plaque?
a layer of fat on the inside of arteries
Why can plaque be bad for you?
plaque building up inside of arteries makes them narrower which reduces blood flow to all muscles including the heart
What does a blood pressure monitor do? (this will most likely not come on exam)
it can see your health status
What does a high number on a blood pressure monitor show? (this will most likely not come on exam)
the pressure in the arteries when the heart is pumping blood out to the body or it’s contracting.
What does a low number on a blood pressure monitor show? (this will most likely not come on exam)
the pressure in the arteries between beats (when the hearts is relaxing – remember it’s a muscle)
How else can plaque be dangerous?
It can break away from the artery wall and travel in the blood and can block an artery somewhere else. (FAT CLOT)
It can tear the artery causing the body to try to heal it using platelets which form a blood clot, blocking the artery.
Which cell is the largest cell under microscopic vision?
white blood cell
Why do red blood cells have a biconcave shape?
to give them a large surface area to take in oxygen
Why are red blood cells flexible?
so they can squeeze through capillaries
What does plasma do?
plasma transports substances and it carries urea to your kidneys to be excreted in your urine
from where does the plasma transport digested food?
small intestine
Where do oxygen and glucose diffuse?
into cells
Where does carbon dioxide diffuse?
blood
What happens to red blood cells when you have sickle cell anaemia? (i dont think its coming in exam)
red blood cells curve into long C-shapes, they get stick in the narrow blood vessels and it can block them which causes tissue damage and pain
What does the protozoa do?
feed on haemoglobin, reproduce and invade other cells
What happens to the infected red blood cell?
They become sticky and can block small blood vessels causing pain.
What does malaria cause?
fever, headaches, pain and itching
What is the worst case scenario in having malaria?
it can invade the brain which causes mental confusion and fatigue
How can doctors know your diagnosis?
by doing blood tests
What do valves do?
prevent backflow of blood
What do arteries do?
carry blood away from the heart and into the body
What do veins do?
carry blood to the heart
the yellow plaque is a mixture of?
cholesterol, fat and blood cells
What does high blood pressure damage?
heart, brain, vision and kidneys
What does a heart attack victim feel?
pain in their chest and left arm
What happens when the blood supply to the brain gets blocked?
it causes a stroke
What are symptoms of stroke?
face droops to one side, cant lift arms up, struggle to speak
