Food Flashcards
Why does your body need to take in nutrients?
-they provide materials for growth and repair
-energy to keep cells alive
-vital elements and compounds to maintain the reactions in cells
Which 2 types of nutrients are needed to build new cells?
fats and proteins
what are the 2 nutrients that provide energy?
carbohydrates and fats
which nutrients help maintain the chemical reactions in your cells?
vitamins and minerals
What are proteins made of?
amino acids
What are carbohydrates made of?
glucose
what are fats made of?
fatty acids and glycerol
Where are carbohydrates found?
in wheat, rice, beans, potatoes and bananas.
What is the membrane of every cell made of?
fat
What do nerves use extra fat as?
insulation
Why do fats act as insulation?
to protect your vital organs such as your heart and they reduce heat lost through your skin
Why do fat cells expand?
to store extra foods
Why must vitamins in fruits be eaten regularly?
because they cannot be stored
where are minerals found?
in your bones, teeth, all your cells and all your body fluids
what do minerals do?
Some minerals provide strength and others help cells to function properly
What does fibre do?
Fibre cannot be digested but helps your food to pass through the digestive system quicker, preventing constipation
How many food groups are there? What are they?
there are 7 food groups:
Carbohydrates.
Proteins.
Fats.
Vitamins.
Minerals.
Fibre.
Water.
What do carbohydrates, fats, and proteins provide?
energy and raw materials for growth and tissue repair
what does fibre do in the intestines?
it is not absorbed but exercises our intestines by peristalsis.
What is peristalsis?
a series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract. It starts in the oesophagus where strong wave-like motions of the smooth muscle move balls of swallowed food to the stomach.
what does water do?
prevents dehydration and it is needed to provide the body with making cytoplasm in your cells
What do minerals and vitamins do?
they help to fight infection, wound healing, making our bones strong and regulating hormones
How do you measure the energy in various kinds of foods?
We burn the food and use the heat to warm up water. The more energy the food releases, the more the water’s temperature will rise or increase.
What are the 3 main types of fat?
Simple (Monosaccharides):
They provide energy by quick respiration.
Complex (Disaccharides):
Able to store energy temporarily then break down to release energy.
Polysaccharides
Able to store energy long-term as starch and used as raw materials for cell walls as cellulose.
What is cellulose?
a molecule, consisting of hundreds – and sometimes even thousands – of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Cellulose is the main substance in the walls of plant cells, helping plants to remain stiff and upright. Humans cannot digest cellulose, but it is important in the diet as fibre.
What is the starch test?
iodine solution
no starch= stays orange/brown
starch=blue/purple
What is the test for protein?
biuret’s solution
no protein= blue
protein=purple
What is the test for glucose (sugar)?
benedicts solution
no glucose= dark blue
little bit of glucose=orange
lots of glucose=green
(needs heat)
what is the test for fat (lipids)?
ethanol
no fat=colourless
fat=milky white
(known as emulsion test)
How many times must you measure the temperature of the water to work out which food has more energy? What will tell us which food has more energy?
We need to measure the temperature of the water twice. Once before and once after burning the food. The larger difference in temperature between before and after will allow us to see which food has more energy.
how do we calculate the energy produced?
energy (joules) = mass of water (grams) x specific heat capacity of water x temperature increase (Celsius)
How do we calculate the amount of energy in a given mass of food?
energy content (joules/g)= energy released as calculated before (J)/ mass of sample food
/=divided or over
What does a balanced diet contain?
The right amounts of all nutrients your cells need to function properly. A balanced diet can be achieved by eating a wide variety of foods.
What factors cause nutritional requirements to vary?
By country - if it’s cold or warm.
By activity - if people get more or less exercise
By gender - different for males and females
By age - younger or older people.
What are the two types of fat?
saturated fat and unsaturated fat
What is saturated fat high in?
processed sugars
What are the risks of eating too much saturated fat?
heart disease and high cholesterol
What are the two types of fatty acids?
omega 3 and omega 6
What is malnutrition?
lack of proper nutrition or eating too much where the energy is stored as fat which leads to diabetes or heart disease
What causes tooth decay?
when sugar coats the tooth which leads to microbes and bacteria growing on the tooth
What is another word for maltose?
sugar
What is scurvy caused by?
lack of vitamin C
What are symptoms of scurvy?
bleeding gums, swelling legs and victims had no energy at all.
What was vitamin C destroyed by?
boiling
What is beri-beri caused by?
lack of vitamin B1
What were symptoms of beri-beri?
partial paralysis and mental confusion
What was night blindness caused by?
lack of vitamin A
What was rickets caused by?
lack of vitamin D (found in cod liver oil)
How is vitamin D made?
When skin is exposed to sunlight
What is Kwashiorkor caused by?
lack of protein
What are symptoms of Kwashiorkor?
swollen belly, sparse hair and muscle shrinkage
What can deficiency also be caused by?
lack of minerals
What is anaemia caused by?
lack of iron
What are symptoms of anaemia?
tiredness (because iron builds blood cells to carry oxygen for energy) and painful sores in their mouths as well as weak nails, chest pains, dizziness, headaches and leg cramps
How can minerals and vitamins be harmful?
they can be harmful in large quantities
How was beri-beri caused?
eating a diet consisting of a lot of white rice
What are the symptoms of night blindness?
not being able to see at night
What are the symptoms of rickets?
having bow shaped legs
What is another source for having rickets?
lack of calcium
Why do deficiency diseases occur?
when you don’t get enough of an essential nutrient
What is obesity?
when the body mass is above average
What does having a high body mass cause?
diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure and cancer
What is the meaning of fortified?
Food that has added vitamins and minerals to improve nutritional value
Which vitamin is added to golden rice?
vitamin A
What are amino acids?
Different compounds that combine to form proteins.
What is fibre?
An essential part of the diet but it is not a nutrient. It is made up of large molecules (mostly plant cell walls) that your body cannot digest.
What is malnutrition?
Lack of proper nutrition caused by an unbalanced diet.
