Plantations In Ireland Flashcards
Who were the pale
The pale were people who controlled a small area around Dublin
What is the policy plantation
This was used by Mary Tudor, this was to extend control outwards from the pale into the midland countries
What happened to the plantation of Laois and Offaly
It failed due to lack of settlers
What happened to the plantation of Munster
It also failed
What were the rules of the Laois and Offaly plantation?
- soldiers and other settlers from inside the pale were given land to rent
- any contact with the native Irish was forbidden
- settlers had to build stone houses
- settlers had to be provided with weapons
What were the rules for the Munster plantation
- introduce English methods of farming on your land
- 30 English families are to be settled on 4000 acre estate
- provide settlers with weapons
- provide settlers with somewhere safe to go if under attack
- allow no Irish tenants on your land
Why were plantations established in Ireland
In the 16-century the English were seeking to extend their control over Ireland. One of the ways they tried to do this was to drive the Irish landowners off their land and replace them with English or Scottish settlers. Another reason he wanted to control Ireland was that he was concerned that Ireland could be used as a base from which to attack England
Tudor policy in Ireland:
Two main groups living in Ireland were
The native of Gaelic Irish and the old English
Policies by Henry VIII
He tried to bring the Gaelic lords under direct rule of English law by persuasion, it was named surrender and regrant
What are colonies
Definition
Colony- where people went to new lands, began farms and set up towns and the area settled by farmers and others was called a colony
Definition of a colonist
Someone who started a colony and settles there
Definition of mother country
The land from which colonists come from
What was the first plantation in Ireland
Laois and Offaly
What was the second plantation
Munster
Munster
English government had took about 480,000 acres of land in Munster
Was then divided into estates between 4000 and 12000 acres.
These estates were ranted to English undertakers, who paid very low rent for this land, in return they planted if with settlers
The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s
Why did Servitors come to Ireland
Came to Ireland as there were opportunities to get land
The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s
What were the benefits the Servitors would get by coming to Ireland
They were allowed to have Irish tenants
They made and had Irish friends
Would be a soldier
The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s
Why did the London companies come to Ireland
Because they were forced to carry out the plantation in Ulster
They were given a tenth of the plantation land
The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s
Key facts about the London companies
They were salters
Were invited to finance the plantations of the county of Londonderry and the fortified town of coleraine
A member of one of the guilds
The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s
Why did English and Scottish settlers come to Ireland
To gain land granted to them by the English crown
The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s
Benefits English and Scottish settlers would get by coming to Ireland
They were given half the plantation land
The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s
Key facts about English and Scottish settlers
Known as undertakers Given 2,000,000 acres of land in total They pay the English crown a rent Only allowed English and Scottish tenants Had to be Protestant
The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s
Loyal Irish:
Follow the same rules as servitors
The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s
Benefits for loyal Irish
They were granted land after 1607
The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s
Key facts about loyal Irish
Land was only granted to them and not their kids, so when they died the land was returned to the English crown
He remaining plantation land was divided between loyal Irish men, trinity college, Dublin and a number of schools
The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s
Native Irish woodkerne facts
Soldiers
Were left leaderless and so took to the woods and mountains
Tried to prevent settlers form finishing their stone houses
Were reduced to stealing cattle and other goods from the settlers in order to survive
The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s
Church of Ireland facts
The Protestant church of Ireland were given one fifth of plantation land
Everyone has to pay tithes (1/10 of their income) to the church of Ireland, even if they are catholic or Presbyterian
The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s
Church of Ireland benefits
Feel blessed by God as the land has given them a lot of money
Protestant church was given 1/5 of plantation land
2000 acre estate would serve what of each group
Type of undertakers- English and Scottish Type of tenants - English Size of glebe- 120 acres Type of building - stone house Minimum number of families - 20 Number if able men-48
1500 acre estate would serve what of each group
Type of undertakers- Natives Type of tenants - Irish Size of glebe- 90 acres Type of building - stone or brick house Minimum number of families - 15 Number if able men-36
1000 acre estate would serve what of each group
Type of undertakers- Irish Type of tenants - Scottish Size of glebe- 60 acres Type of building - strong bawn house Minimum number of families - at least 10 Number if able men-24
2 reasons the Munster plantation failed were
Most of the settlers were driven off their land and the land climate wasn’t as good as expecting
Why the early plantations failed:
Lack of settlers
Settlers had been driven off their land by Hugh o’neils army
They demand high rents
There was hatred from the Munster lords towards the English settlers
Many Munster men broke into rebellion and joined themselves with o’neils forces and spoiled the country
Attacks by Irish settlers
The Ulster plantation:
Who did he give land to
Two Scottish men called James Hamilton and Hugh Montgomery in county Antrim and county down.
The Ulster plantation:
Six counties which became James official plantation of Ulster were
Armagh Coleraine Cavan Donegal Fermanagh Tyrone
The Ulster plantation:
In the centre of each town were what
A market square and a diamond shaped centre town and churches
The Ulster plantation:
Where did draperstown get its name from
From the company who set them up. Londonderry got its name from London companies
The Ulster plantation:
Who came
The scots Servitors (ex soldiers) London guilds (wealthy people) Undertakers Ordinary farmers from Scotland Tradesmen from England
The Ulster plantation:
Why did them particular people come
The scots- told they would get nice new fresh land
Servitors-paid off with land
London guilds- very wealthy people, they founded Londonderry
Undertakers- had to rent out land to tenants
The Ulster plantation:
Ulster province consists of…
FATLAD + Donegal, Cavan,Monaghan
The Ulster plantation:
Reasons for this plantation
English government needed money and control over Ireland, they introduced heavy taxes
It was ‘guaranteed’ that Ireland would be loyal to England
The Protestant religion would be strengthened
The back door was shut to potential enemies of England like the French or Spanish
The Ulster plantation:
About protection
The planters weren’t allowed to employ Irish
Undertakers had to build fortified houses called bawns
The towns were built inside walls and there were garrisons inside some towns
Planters always had two muskets in their house, either above the fireplace or door
How successful was the Ulster plantation
Though his plantation was well organised, not everything went to plan
It was expensive to bring over new settlers and some undertakers made little effort to do so
Despite strict rules, the London companies and others allowed native Irish to stay on the land
Some of the Irish became outlaws, known as woodkerne because they hid in the hills/woods of Ulster and attacked new settlers
Many Irish remained on the land, living side by side with settlers.
Ulster had a mixed population of different opposing interests and beliefs
