Plantations In Ireland

Question 1

Who were the pale

Answer 1

The pale were people who controlled a small area around Dublin

Question 2

What is the policy plantation

Answer 2

This was used by Mary Tudor, this was to extend control outwards from the pale into the midland countries

Question 3

What happened to the plantation of Laois and Offaly

Answer 3

It failed due to lack of settlers

Question 4

What happened to the plantation of Munster

Answer 4

It also failed

Question 5

What were the rules of the Laois and Offaly plantation?

Answer 5

• soldiers and other settlers from inside the pale were given land to rent
• any contact with the native Irish was forbidden
• settlers had to build stone houses
• settlers had to be provided with weapons

Question 6

What were the rules for the Munster plantation

Answer 6

• introduce English methods of farming on your land
• 30 English families are to be settled on 4000 acre estate
• provide settlers with weapons
• provide settlers with somewhere safe to go if under attack
• allow no Irish tenants on your land

Question 7

Why were plantations established in Ireland

Answer 7

In the 16-century the English were seeking to extend their control over Ireland. One of the ways they tried to do this was to drive the Irish landowners off their land and replace them with English or Scottish settlers. Another reason he wanted to control Ireland was that he was concerned that Ireland could be used as a base from which to attack England

Question 8

Tudor policy in Ireland:

Two main groups living in Ireland were

Answer 8

The native of Gaelic Irish and the old English

Question 9

Policies by Henry VIII

Answer 9

He tried to bring the Gaelic lords under direct rule of English law by persuasion, it was named surrender and regrant

Question 10

What are colonies

Definition

Answer 10

Colony- where people went to new lands, began farms and set up towns and the area settled by farmers and others was called a colony

Question 11

Definition of a colonist

Answer 11

Someone who started a colony and settles there

Question 12

Definition of mother country

Answer 12

The land from which colonists come from

Question 13

What was the first plantation in Ireland

Answer 13

Laois and Offaly

Question 14

What was the second plantation

Answer 14

Munster

Question 15

Munster

Answer 15

English government had took about 480,000 acres of land in Munster
Was then divided into estates between 4000 and 12000 acres.
These estates were ranted to English undertakers, who paid very low rent for this land, in return they planted if with settlers

Question 16

The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s

Why did Servitors come to Ireland

Answer 16

Came to Ireland as there were opportunities to get land

Question 17

The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s

What were the benefits the Servitors would get by coming to Ireland

Answer 17

They were allowed to have Irish tenants
They made and had Irish friends
Would be a soldier

Question 18

The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s

Why did the London companies come to Ireland

Answer 18

Because they were forced to carry out the plantation in Ulster
They were given a tenth of the plantation land

Question 19

The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s

Key facts about the London companies

Answer 19

They were salters
Were invited to finance the plantations of the county of Londonderry and the fortified town of coleraine
A member of one of the guilds

Question 20

The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s

Why did English and Scottish settlers come to Ireland

Answer 20

To gain land granted to them by the English crown

Question 21

The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s

Benefits English and Scottish settlers would get by coming to Ireland

Answer 21

They were given half the plantation land

Question 22

The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s

Key facts about English and Scottish settlers

Answer 22

Known as undertakers
Given 2,000,000 acres of land in total 
They pay the English crown a rent
Only allowed English and Scottish tenants
Had to be Protestant

Question 23

The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s

Loyal Irish:

Answer 23

Follow the same rules as servitors

Question 24

The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s

Benefits for loyal Irish

Answer 24

They were granted land after 1607

Question 25

The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s

Key facts about loyal Irish

Answer 25

Land was only granted to them and not their kids, so when they died the land was returned to the English crown
He remaining plantation land was divided between loyal Irish men, trinity college, Dublin and a number of schools

Question 26

The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s

Native Irish woodkerne facts

Answer 26

Soldiers
Were left leaderless and so took to the woods and mountains
Tried to prevent settlers form finishing their stone houses
Were reduced to stealing cattle and other goods from the settlers in order to survive

Question 27

The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s

Church of Ireland facts

Answer 27

The Protestant church of Ireland were given one fifth of plantation land
Everyone has to pay tithes (1/10 of their income) to the church of Ireland, even if they are catholic or Presbyterian

Question 28

The settlers who came to Ireland in the early 1600’s

Church of Ireland benefits

Answer 28

Feel blessed by God as the land has given them a lot of money
Protestant church was given 1/5 of plantation land

Question 29

2000 acre estate would serve what of each group

Answer 29

Type of undertakers- English and Scottish 
Type of tenants - English
Size of glebe- 120 acres
Type of building - stone house
Minimum number of families - 20
Number if able men-48

Question 30

1500 acre estate would serve what of each group

Answer 30

Type of undertakers- Natives
Type of tenants - Irish
Size of glebe- 90 acres
Type of building - stone or brick house
Minimum number of families - 15
Number if able men-36

Question 31

1000 acre estate would serve what of each group

Answer 31

Type of undertakers- Irish
Type of tenants - Scottish
Size of glebe- 60 acres
Type of building - strong bawn house
Minimum number of families - at least 10
Number if able men-24

Question 32

2 reasons the Munster plantation failed were

Answer 32

Most of the settlers were driven off their land and the land climate wasn’t as good as expecting

Question 33

Why the early plantations failed:

Answer 33

Lack of settlers
Settlers had been driven off their land by Hugh o’neils army
They demand high rents
There was hatred from the Munster lords towards the English settlers
Many Munster men broke into rebellion and joined themselves with o’neils forces and spoiled the country
Attacks by Irish settlers

Question 34

The Ulster plantation:

Who did he give land to

Answer 34

Two Scottish men called James Hamilton and Hugh Montgomery in county Antrim and county down.

Question 35

The Ulster plantation:

Six counties which became James official plantation of Ulster were

Answer 35

Armagh
Coleraine
Cavan
Donegal
Fermanagh 
Tyrone

Question 36

The Ulster plantation:

In the centre of each town were what

Answer 36

A market square and a diamond shaped centre town and churches

Question 37

The Ulster plantation:

Where did draperstown get its name from

Answer 37

From the company who set them up. Londonderry got its name from London companies

Question 38

The Ulster plantation:

Who came

Answer 38

The scots
Servitors (ex soldiers)
London guilds (wealthy people)
Undertakers
Ordinary farmers from Scotland
Tradesmen from England

Question 39

The Ulster plantation:

Why did them particular people come

Answer 39

The scots- told they would get nice new fresh land
Servitors-paid off with land
London guilds- very wealthy people, they founded Londonderry
Undertakers- had to rent out land to tenants

Question 40

The Ulster plantation:

Ulster province consists of…

Answer 40

FATLAD + Donegal, Cavan,Monaghan

Question 41

The Ulster plantation:

Reasons for this plantation

Answer 41

English government needed money and control over Ireland, they introduced heavy taxes
It was ‘guaranteed’ that Ireland would be loyal to England
The Protestant religion would be strengthened
The back door was shut to potential enemies of England like the French or Spanish

Question 42

The Ulster plantation:

About protection

Answer 42

The planters weren’t allowed to employ Irish
Undertakers had to build fortified houses called bawns
The towns were built inside walls and there were garrisons inside some towns
Planters always had two muskets in their house, either above the fireplace or door

Question 43

How successful was the Ulster plantation

Answer 43

Though his plantation was well organised, not everything went to plan
It was expensive to bring over new settlers and some undertakers made little effort to do so
Despite strict rules, the London companies and others allowed native Irish to stay on the land
Some of the Irish became outlaws, known as woodkerne because they hid in the hills/woods of Ulster and attacked new settlers
Many Irish remained on the land, living side by side with settlers.
Ulster had a mixed population of different opposing interests and beliefs