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Year 9 History > English Civil War > Flashcards

English Civil War Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition 2 of civil war

A

A war between political factions or regions within the same country

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2
Q

Background of James VI of Scotland

A

1567-1625
And James I of England (1603-1625)
James was king of Scotland England and Ireland
There were arguments over money power and religion during his reign
In 1625 his son Charles became King

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3
Q

Background if Charles I

A

1625-1649

In 1642 a civil war broke out between Charles and parliament. Charles lost the war and was executed in 1649

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4
Q

Charles II background

A

1660-1685
1658 was when Oliver Cromwell died and 2 years later Charles II was welcomed back as King
Soon however he became unpopular. He argued with his parliament over power money and religion

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5
Q

James II background

A

James was Charles II brother and a catholic
He was as unpopular as Charles II
Parliament decided to replace him
In 1688 they asked William of Orange to be King of England

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6
Q

William III background

A

1688-1702
Parliament made William and his wife Mary joint ruler in 1688
They made it against the law for a catholic to inherit the throne
Parliament was to control taxes and the King was to be incharge of the army

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7
Q

What was Mary and William III relationship

A

They were married

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8
Q

Mary background

A

1688-1694

Mary ruled with William until her death in 1694

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9
Q

Anne background

A

1702-1714

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10
Q

Mary Anne and who

A

James

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11
Q

List some facts about the puritans

A

They were very religious
They liked reading the bible
They wore dark clothes
They disliked, dancing, singing and drinking on Sunday’s

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12
Q

The puritans demands:

A

-they felt Church of England was too like Roman Catholic Church. So they wanted
They wanted to get rid of; archbishop laud was head of church if England and puritans were suspicious that he and King Charles were secret Roman Catholics

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13
Q

Who were the puritans

A

They were very strict (extreme) types of Protestants who were around in the 16th and 17th centuries
They believe that the church had become corrupt and sinful
They wanted to purify religion by using the bible as the word of law on earth

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14
Q

Charles money problem in 1629-40

A

Charles I rules without Parliament but he needs money

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15
Q

Charles other money problem in 1629-40

A

Charles I spends large sums of money on himself, he likes paintings and expensive clothes

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16
Q

Charles money problem in 1639

A

The scots attack England because they do not like the religious changes: Charles has no army or money to fight

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17
Q

Charles money problem in 1635

A

Charles needs a lot of money. He makes people pay a special tax called ship money those who refuse are out in prison

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18
Q

Charles religion problem in 1625-49

A

Like James I, Charles I believes that kings get their power from God and must be obeyed

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19
Q

Charles other religion problem in 1625-49

A

Charles I is married to henrietta Maria.
She is Catholic
There are rumours Catholics will take over

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20
Q

Charles religion problem in 1633

A

Charles I makes William laud the Archbishop of Canterbury, laud does not like puritans

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21
Q

Charles religion problem in 1633-40

A

Laud changes church of England services. He introduces the statues, music and candles the puritans hate

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22
Q

Charles religion problem in 1637

A

Lauds changes are forced on the Scottish church. Many scots are puritans

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23
Q

Charles Parliament problem in 1640

A

Charles I has to call Parliament to ask for money to fight the scots

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24
Q

Why did a civil war start in England

A

For a number of reasons ranging from money to Parliament
Charles and Parliament fell out for different reasons but the main one was money
Charles asked Parliament for money to fight but they refused as he spends it on him self
Charles is also married to a catholic so there is rumours Catholics will take over
So then after all of this stuff a civil war broke

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25
Q

Definition 1 of civil war

A

A war between citizens of the same country

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26
Q

Background events to civil war

A
  • the King refuses to work with Parliament 1629
  • Parliament is critical of the queen who is French and R.C
  • the King is also King of Scotland and annoys the scots by trying to ban Presbyterianism there
  • money has to be spent on calming down the scots
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27
Q

1642 crisis

A
  • 1640, Charles was short of cash so he had recalled Parliament and demanded money
  • Parliament had not been allowed to operate for 11 years. It was angry at the King and let him know it
  • 1642 Charles was angry because it criticised him. He decided to arrest the ring leaders
  • Pym, hampden, Cromwell were all to be arrested
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28
Q

When did Charles recall Parliament and demand money

A

1640

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29
Q

What year did Charles decide to arrest the ring leaders

A

1642

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30
Q

Royalists

A
  • many noblemen
  • most Catholics
  • supporters of the Anglican Church-this included people from all social classes
  • many country people
  • the Irish
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31
Q

Parliamentarians

A
  • puritans
  • the navy
  • scots Presbyterians
  • merchants
  • most of the people who loved in large cities and towns
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32
Q

What were split by the conflict

A

The country was split into 2 towns, villages and even families were split

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33
Q

Royalists supported the King

A

The established church
Many noblemen
Most Catholics who thought the puritans would be even more opposed to them
Gaelic Irish and old english in Ireland who fear the puritans and hoped to get their land back

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34
Q

Roundheads supported Parliament

A

Puritan MP’s
Scottish Presbyterians
Many who lived in large English cities including London
The navy
Gentlemen, merchants and towns people who resented the nobles

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35
Q

Key battles:

1642

A

The royalists had some early success. At the battle of edge hill the Kings cavalry won

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36
Q

Key battles:

1643

A

The first battle of Newbury

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37
Q

Key battles:

1644

A

Cromwell wins at marston moor. At the end of 1644 the NEW MODEL ARMY was formed

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38
Q

Key battles:

1645

A

Battle of naseby, royalists suffered heavy losses

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39
Q

Key battles:

1646

A

The King surrenders to the Scottish army

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40
Q

Key battles:

1647

A

The King refuses to accept parliaments proposal

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41
Q

Key battles:

1649

A

The King is finally out on trial and condemned to death as a tyrant, traitor, murderer and public enemy

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42
Q

Was it a war fought by gentlemen in find clothes:

SUPPLIES

A

Both sides were short of money and supplies
At York in 1644 the royalists captured 4000 pairs of boots left behind by the parliamentarians
Many royalists were fighting barefoot
After battle of marston moor, royalists drank out of ditches
Besieged towns suffered most, at Colchester people were made to eat rotten carcasses were of slain cavalry horses
A dead lap dog was sold for 6 shillings

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43
Q

Was it a war fought by gentlemen in find clothes:

WEAPONS

A

there were soldiers on both sides who went into battles only armed win pitch forks or heavy sticks
One ounce bullets fired at close left exit wounds the size of dinner plates

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44
Q

Was it a war fought by gentlemen in find clothes:

UNIFORM

A

Many soldiers were not in uniform. At marston moor in 1644 fairfax made his parliamentarians wear a white card in their hat bags. When he found himself surrounded by royalists during the battle, he removed his white marked and ride back to his own lines

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45
Q

Was it a war fought by gentlemen in find clothes:what did fairfax make the parliamentarians wear in their hatbands

A

A white card

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46
Q

Was it a war fought by gentlemen in find clothes:

DISORDERLY BEHAVIOUR

A
  • drunken fights were common among soldiers on brig sides
  • a town was destroyed after a royalist fight
  • at naseby Cromwell victorious men killed 100 women
  • both sides lofted captured towns and private houses
  • parliamentarians cut off the legs of clergymans horses
  • in Birmingham royalist soldiers terrified the women, stole anything of value and set every street on fire
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47
Q

Was it a war fought by gentlemen in find clothes:

INJURIES

A
  • royalist prisoners of war were sold as slaves. They were marched barefoot to Bristol. Those who fainted in the ride were shot.
  • casualties were heavy. After naseby 4550 bodies were buried where they lay
  • 100,000 men were killed in action in the civil war. Many more died from wounds, sickness and hunger
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48
Q

Weapons in Civil war list advantage and disadvantage:

Musket

A

Advantages
Used for their sharp blunt ends in melee combat

Disadvantage 
Fire once a minute
Exceeded 50 metres
Had to be placed on a stand to fire them
Slow and inaccurate
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49
Q

Weapons in Civil war list advantage and disadvantage:

Cavalry

A 
Advantages 
Favoured unit
Suitable grounds for this type of weapon
Could move quickly
Change position of attack

Disadvantages
Difficult to find a man who could handle and fight
Had to ride with one hand so easy to fall off

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50
Q

Weapons in Civil war list advantage and disadvantage:

Cannon

A

Advantages
Large shots
Had a longer range than muskets
Could inflict heavy damage

Disadvantages
Large
Bulky
Very slow firing
Misfire is more dangerous than a musket misfire
Cannon fire could rarely be completed more than once every 3 mins
Less useful

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51
Q

Weapons in Civil war list advantage and disadvantage:

Pikemen

A

Advantages
Good at forcing back your enemy
Useful for keeping horses away from a large group of soldiers

Disadvantages
Heavy
Too long to be used as a spear
Easy to move round and attack soldier

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52
Q

Key people in civil war

Charles I

A

DOB- November 19th 1600, Scotland
Died - 30 Jan 1649 - London
Army- royalists
Role - King; commander in chief of royalists

53
Q

Key people in civil war

Prince Rupert

A

DOB- December 17 1619- Czech Republic:Prague
Died - Nov 29th 1682 ; west Minster London
Army- royalists
Role- commander of the royalist cavalry during the English civil war in the new model army

54
Q

Key people in civil war

Oliver Cromwell

A

DOB- April 25th 1599 - Huntington England
Died - September 3rd 1658 - Whitehall, London
Army- parliamentarians
Role- military leader of the parliamentarians

55
Q

Key people in civil war

Thomas fairfax

A

DOB- Jan 17, 1612, Yorkshire
Died- Nov 12 1671
Army- parliamentarians
Role- Lord general of new model army

56
Q

What was the first major battle of the English civil war

A

Battle of edgehill- 23rd October 1642

57
Q

Who began the battle of edgehill

A

Prince Rupert began by charging at the Roundheads, which made the Roundheads panic and split up

58
Q

Who won the battle of edge hill

A

Neither side but Rupert became a cavalier hero

59
Q

Who were badly beaten in the battle of marston moor

A

The cavaliers

60
Q

When was the battle of edgehill

A

23rd October 1642

61
Q

When was battle of marston moor

A

July 2nd 1644

62
Q

In the battle of marston moor who had a new ironside cavalry

A

The Roundheads

63
Q

In the battle of marston moor what did even prince Rupert do

A

Hide from the Roundhead army during battle

64
Q

The city of York gave into who during the battle of marston more and what did this side now control

A

They gave into Parliament so the Roundheads now controlled the north of England,

65
Q

By the end o the battle of marston Moor what were the two sides

A

Equal

66
Q

Who won the battle of naseby and why

A

The Roundheads as Cromwell trained the new model army to fight and the royalists laughed at them but then the new model army crushed the royalist army at naseby and chased the King across England, Charles was then captured by the Scottish and given to Parliament in 1648

67
Q

First reason for the King to be put to death

A

The King is a man of blood he started both wars

68
Q

Second reason for the King to be put to death

A

The King was to blame for the war he should die

69
Q

Third reason for the King to be put to death

A

The victories of Cromwells armies show that God was on his side

70
Q

Fourth reason for the King to be put to death

A

He fought against Parliament and his own people,

71
Q

Fifth reason for the King to be put to death

A

As long as Charles is alive there is a chance of another war

72
Q

First reason why the King should be kept alive

A

The people don’t want to kill their King

73
Q

Second reason why the King should be kept alive

A

There is no court that can try a King

74
Q

Third reason why the King should be kept alive

A

He was chosen by God to be King he can’t be killed

75
Q

Fourth reason why the King should be kept alive

A

Some of Parliament want to put the King back in power, England needs a King

76
Q

Fifth reason why the King should be kept alive

A

England cannot survive without a King

77
Q

Sixth reason why the King should be kept alive

A

If the Kings head is cut off with the crown upon it… What would happen, the country would be without its King

78
Q

Was Charles a traitor or a martyr

Timeline

A

1644- Charles and royalist lose battle of marston moor
1647- Charles captured and imprisoned
1648-Charles secretly negotiates with scots and tries to escape
1649-Parliament tries Charles for treason

79
Q

The events of the trial:

A
  • Charles was put on trial on 20th of Jan 1649 in Westminster hall
  • a high court of justice was set up with 135 commissioners but on the first day only 65 turned up
80
Q

The charges:

A
  • starting a war against Parliament and his people
  • mistreating prisoners

Executions fixed for 30th of January and only 59 signed the warrant

81
Q

1641, examining the evidence:

A

1641 rebellion told of massacre of thousands of settlers by rebel Irish

82
Q

Why did Cromwell come to Ireland

A

The title Cromwell got after civil war was Lord protecter

83
Q

Why did catholic Ireland pose a threat to Cromwell

A

Because parts of Ireland were still controlled by royalist troops

84
Q

Four reasons Cromwell decided to take his army into Ireland were:

A
  • To crush the Irish rebels
  • to reward those who had supported parliament
  • to defeat the supporters of the King who controlled drogheda
  • to take land for payment of his soldiers wages
85
Q

How many troops did Cromwell send to drogheda

A

10,000

86
Q

Who was the English officer in command in drogheda

A

Sir Arthur Aston

87
Q

Why didn’t the people of drogheda surrender to Cromwell

A
  • Cromwell was an enemy of the King
  • he executed the King
  • they did not trust him
  • if they surrendered they would be killed
88
Q

The restoration

What is happening

A

The British monarchy is being restored

89
Q

The restoration:

A

Charles I –> O.cromwell –> Charles II

90
Q

The restoration:

How did James fall out with parliament

A

He kept a large army
He promoted catholic officers in the army
He tried to undo Cromwell’s work in Ireland by giving land back to R.C’s
His son (the next King) was baptised a catholic

91
Q

The restoration:

What was the result of James son being baptised a catholic

A

He was very unpopular and many Protestant politicians did not trust him

92
Q

The restoration:

King James II

A

Parliament took action against James and expelled him
It invited William to take the throne
William agreed to take the throne as he was fighting to catholic King of France Louis and he wanted the English armies help
Louis was James cousin

93
Q

The glories revolution

When did William arrive in England

A

November 5th 1688 with a large army

94
Q

The glories revolution

What did James do when William arrived any why

A

Fled to France for help

95
Q

The glories revolution

Definition

A

This change in the way the country was to be governed took place without bloodshed and became known as the glorious revolution

96
Q

The glories revolution

When was it

A

1688

97
Q

The glories revolution what did the English Parliament do to the King and why

A

They overthrew the King because he had a son who was baptised a catholic

98
Q

The glories revolution

Where did William move when he landed in England

A

London

99
Q

The glories revolution

Who did James flee to France with

A

His wife and son

100
Q

The glories revolution

When were William and his wife Mary made joint monarchs (they would rule England together)

A

February 1689

101
Q

The glories revolution:

The bill of rights

A

Before William could take the crown he had to agree to a bill of right;
No Catholics could become King
Catholics were not allowed to vote
Parliament would decide the laws and taxes not King
Parliament would keep check on the army

102
Q

James, William and Louis:

Grand Alliance against Louis

A

King Carlos of Spain
The emperor Leopold of Austria, who also ruled many of the German states
The ruler of Prussia
Ruler of Bavaria
William III, Prince of orange
Pope innocent II, who ruler parts of Italy

103
Q

James, William and Louis:

Louis’ plan

A

To help James regain his throne by supporting him in Ireland
To keep William occupied with the fighting in Ireland for as long as possible
To use the conflict in Ireland as an advantage over the grand alliance which opposed him in Europe

104
Q

James, William and Louis:

Williams plan

A

To send an army to Ireland to defeat James

To seek a quick victory and return to his main concern - the war in Europe against Louis

105
Q

James, William and Louis:

James plan

A

To raise an army in Ireland with French help
To defeat williams supporters in Ireland
To use Ireland as a stepping stone to regain his throne in England

106
Q

Three kings:

James II

A

I have the help of Louis XIV
I want to use Ireland as a stepping stone to regain my throne
I have catholic supporters in Ireland who will help me regain my throne

107
Q

Three kings:

William III

A

I have the support of the English people because they disagree of the alliance between James II and Louis XIV
I have the support of the English Parliament because I’m Protestant
I have the support of the grand alliance

108
Q

Three kings:

Louis XIV

A

I want France to be the most powerful kingdom in Europe

If I help James II to regain his throne then he will be my supporter

109
Q

Battle of the boyne:

What was James nickname

A

Dismal Jimmy

110
Q

Battle of the boyne:

Points about williams appearance

A

Hunchback
Short
Asthmatic
Marks on his face

111
Q

Battle of the boyne:

James II interesting facts

A

He never spoke to his daughter again, after she betrayed him, by taking his throne
He was considered by many as stupid and stubborn
His supporters in Ireland called him the King with one shoe English and one show Irish
His son became known as the warming pan baby
He was married twice- first marriage he had two daughters, Mary and Anne who were both brought up Protestant

112
Q 
Guess the country:
Louis XIV
Who r u
What r your aims
What's your plan
A

Who- King of France, Pope threatened to excommunicate him
What are your aims- help James regain throne, defeat William, wants whole of Europe under his control
What your plan- help James regain it by supporting him in Ireland, to use conflict in Ireland as an advantage over the grand alliance

113
Q 
Guess the country 
James II
Who r u
What r your aims
Your plan
A

Who- rightful king of England, catholic, he was wrongly ousted from the throne
Aims- to raise an army in Ireland, to use Ireland as a stepping stone to regain his throne
Plan-raise an army with French help, defeat William, get support from Louis

114
Q 
Guess the country 
William lll 
Who
Aims
Plan
A

Who- leader of Holland, appointed King of England
Aims- send an army to Ireland to defeat James
Plan- quick victory in Ireland

115
Q

The siege of Derry:

When was it

A

1688-1689

116
Q

The siege of Derry:

When did James arrive in Ireland

A

March 1689

117
Q

The siege of Derry:

What were James supporters known as

A

Jacobites

118
Q

The siege of Derry:

Williams supporters were known as…

A

Williamites

119
Q

The siege of Derry:

What was James plan

A

To march north, crush the williamite supporters in Ulster, link up with Scottish Jacobites and invade England

120
Q

The siege of Derry:

What was James first obstacle

A

The plantation town of Londonderry which had declared in favour of William

121
Q

The siege of Derry:

How was Londonderry defended

A

By stout defensive walls and 4 main gates

122
Q

The siege of Derry:

Who mainly lived in Derry

A

Protestant settlers

123
Q

When did Ireland come to existence as a country

A

1921

124
Q

When was the civil war

A

1642-1651

125
Q

What is the definition of a hero

A

A person who is admired for their courage, outstanding achievements or noble qualities

126
Q

What is the definition of a villain

A

A cruelly malicious person who is involved in of devoted to wickedness or crime

127
Q

Reasons Oliver Cromwell was addressed as a hero

A 
Intelligent
Generous
Happily married
Close relationship with his family-uncle
Brave
Good military soldier and leader
Gave up his studies to look after his sick father
Considerate 
Founded new model army
128
Q

Reasons Oliver Cromwell was addressed as a villain

A

Arguably bullied other commissioners into signing death warrant
3rd person to sign Charles’ death warrant
Constant opponent of Charles
Imprisoned leading leveller John Lilburne
Punished leveller women
12,000 English soldiers massacred a thirds of the population of drogheda
Shut down Parliament in 1655
Broke rules of warfare
Hated Charles
arrogant

Year 9 History (6 decks)

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