Plantae Flashcards
What are the four phylum?
Bryophytes (mosses), Ferns, Gymnosperms (conifers), Angiosperms (flowers)
Characteristics of byrophytes
- no vascular system
- dominant gametophytes
- spore reproduction
- swimming sperm
- small
- absorbs water via diffusion
Characteristics of ferns
- vascular system
- dominant sporophytes
- spore reproduction
- “true” spores
Characteristics of gymnosperms
- vascular system
- dominant sporophyte
- male gametophyte: pollen, female: ovule
- fertilizes via wind distribution
- naked seeds
- produces cones, pollen and seeds
Characteristics of angiosperms
- vascular system
- dominant sporophyte
- male gametophyte: pollen. female: ovule
- produces flowers, fruit, pollen, seeds
- classified into dicot and monocot
What are xylem and phloem?
xylem: tissue that transports water and minerals
phloem: tissue that transports organic molecules
What is alternation of generations?
when plants switch back and forth between haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) life cycles
What is the cambium?
tissue that produces xylem and phloem
Characteristics of dicots
- flowers arranged in multiples of 4-5
- net like leaf veins
- ring vascular bundles
- two seed leaves (cotyledon)
Characteristics of monocots
- flowers arranged in multiples of 3
- parallel leaf veins
- scattered vascular bundles
- one cotyledon
What is transpiration?
The process of moving water from a plant’s roots to leaves
Root pressure
- water moves into root epidermal cells via osmosis
- water gets pushed from epidermis to cortex and vascular cylinder
- creates a pressure
Cohesion
-hydrogen bonding of polar water molecules forms a chain
Adhesion
aka capillary action
-hydrogen bonding to xylem tube walls
Transpirational pull
- negative pressure
- molecules of water evaporate from stomata and pull next molecule towards xylem
- necessary for tall trees to distribute water to top
