Bacteria Flashcards
Shapes
Cocci (round), Bacilli (rod), Helical-spirilli (spiral)
Groupings
single, diplo- (double) strepto- (chain) staphylo- (clumps)
Ways scientist can classify bacteria
- gram staining
- shape
- grouping
- respiration (O2 or no O2)
- method of energy
- mobility
Archaebacteria
live in extreme conditions, do not need O2
Eubacteria
Need 02
Name the three types of eubacteria
obligate aerobes (need O2) obligate anaerobes (cannot have O2) facultative anaerobes (do not need O2 but can have it)
Types of nutrition methods
autotroph, heterotroph, chemotroph
Types of autotrophs
Photosynthetic: uses light
Chemosynthetic: uses chemical reactions
types of heterotrophs
saprophytic: via decomposing/ dead matter
parasitic: one sided benefit
symbiotic/mutualistic: two sided benefit
chemotroph
fermentation (no O2)
Gram staining
Positive: stains purple, has thicker cell wall
Negative: stains pink, has thinner cell wall
Structure
Protein capsule (outer most) Cell wall Plasma membrane cytoplasm DNA nucleoid Flagella ribosomes
Purpose of cell membrane
acts as barrier
holds cytoplasm in
transportation of material (concentration gradient)
What is the cell wall made of
peptidoglycan
What is the fimbraie
filaments that allows the bacteria to attach to surfaces
What does the pili and flagella do
Pili: exchanges genetic material
flagella: mobility
How do antibiotics kill bacteria
attack cell wall
slow down growth
interfere with reproduction
cause osmotic buildup and prevent lysis
Methods of movement
flagella: rotates and pushes
bacterial gliding: ejects slime and moves with pili
twitching mobility: slingshots and pulls
Buoyancy: Gas vesicles regulate buoyancy
What is an endospore
structures on certain eubacteria that protect against harsh conditions
Describe the two types of reproduction in bacteria
Sexual: conjugation; F+ pili inserts genome copy into F- pili
Asexual: binary fission; cell divides and results in clones
Methods of transmission
direct contact water fecal contamination vector bites airborne toxins in food
Roles of bacteria
nitrogen fixation (soil) breaks down chemical compounds (i.e in oil spills) pesticide alternative symbionts in body (i.e healthy bacteria in intestines)
transduction
DNA moved from one organism to another via virus
transmission
DNA taken from floating segment in environment
