Bacteria

Question 1

Shapes

Answer 1

Cocci (round), Bacilli (rod), Helical-spirilli (spiral)

Question 2

Groupings

Answer 2

single, diplo- (double) strepto- (chain) staphylo- (clumps)

Question 3

Ways scientist can classify bacteria

Answer 3

• gram staining
• shape
• grouping
• respiration (O2 or no O2)
• method of energy
• mobility

Question 4

Archaebacteria

Answer 4

live in extreme conditions, do not need O2

Question 5

Eubacteria

Answer 5

Need 02

Question 6

Name the three types of eubacteria

Answer 6

obligate aerobes (need O2)
obligate anaerobes (cannot have O2)
facultative anaerobes (do not need O2 but can have it)

Question 7

Types of nutrition methods

Answer 7

autotroph, heterotroph, chemotroph

Question 8

Types of autotrophs

Answer 8

Photosynthetic: uses light
Chemosynthetic: uses chemical reactions

Question 9

types of heterotrophs

Answer 9

saprophytic: via decomposing/ dead matter
parasitic: one sided benefit
symbiotic/mutualistic: two sided benefit

Question 10

chemotroph

Answer 10

fermentation (no O2)

Question 11

Gram staining

Answer 11

Positive: stains purple, has thicker cell wall
Negative: stains pink, has thinner cell wall

Question 12

Structure

Answer 12

Protein capsule (outer most)
Cell wall
Plasma membrane
cytoplasm
DNA nucleoid
Flagella
ribosomes

Question 13

Purpose of cell membrane

Answer 13

acts as barrier
holds cytoplasm in
transportation of material (concentration gradient)

Question 14

What is the cell wall made of

Answer 14

peptidoglycan

Question 15

What is the fimbraie

Answer 15

filaments that allows the bacteria to attach to surfaces

Question 16

What does the pili and flagella do

Answer 16

Pili: exchanges genetic material
flagella: mobility

Question 17

How do antibiotics kill bacteria

Answer 17

attack cell wall
slow down growth
interfere with reproduction
cause osmotic buildup and prevent lysis

Question 18

Methods of movement

Answer 18

flagella: rotates and pushes
bacterial gliding: ejects slime and moves with pili
twitching mobility: slingshots and pulls
Buoyancy: Gas vesicles regulate buoyancy

Question 19

What is an endospore

Answer 19

structures on certain eubacteria that protect against harsh conditions

Question 20

Describe the two types of reproduction in bacteria

Answer 20

Sexual: conjugation; F+ pili inserts genome copy into F- pili
Asexual: binary fission; cell divides and results in clones

Question 21

Methods of transmission

Answer 21

direct contact
water
fecal contamination
vector bites
airborne
toxins in food

Question 22

Roles of bacteria

Answer 22

nitrogen fixation (soil)
breaks down chemical compounds (i.e in oil spills)
pesticide alternative
symbionts in body (i.e healthy bacteria in intestines)

Question 23

transduction

Answer 23

DNA moved from one organism to another via virus

Question 24

transmission

Answer 24

DNA taken from floating segment in environment