PLANTAE Flashcards
- multicellular
- eukaryotic
- photosynthetic autotroph, rarely heterotrophs
- cell wall: cellulose
inc
Kingdom Plantae
Sub-Kingdom of Plantae
1. ____________ = seedless, flowerless (nonvascular)
= spores, gametes
2. ____________ = seed-producing, vascular tissues (xylem & phloem - tracheids)
Cryptogamae
Spermatophyta
____________
= amphibians of plant kingdom
= nonvascular
= spores
_____________
= true roots, true stem, true leaf
= vascular
_____________ & _______________
= between Bryophytes and and higher plant system
Bryophyta
Pteridophyta
Gymnospermae & Angiospermae
________________
- complete life cycle in both water and land
- damp, shady places, esp. on hills
- only rhizoids (only for _______: no capacity to absorb water)
- must be in moist, high relative humidity
- flat roughy leaf - where absorption takes place, concentration gradient leaf
- __________ vascular tissue
- have stem and leaf-like structure
- sex organ are surrounded by 1 or several layers of sterile cells
- gametophyte - vegetative
- sporophyte - spore-forming/bearing
- female and male gametophytes are __________
- heteromorphy - haploid and diploid gametophyte
- dominant generation: ________ gametophyte
-____________(down) = releases sperm to fertilize on __________ (up)
Bryophytes
-rhizoids for anchorage
- no vascular tissue
- female and male gametophytes are separate
- dominant generation: haploid gametophyte
- Antheridium (down) = releases sperm to fertilize on Archegonia (up)
Main Types of Bryophytes
__________ - flat, spores, gemmae, ribbon-like (Marchantia)
___________ - small, leafy plant body (Funaria)
________ - flat, thalloid plant bearing a horn-like sporophyte, no capsule, gemmae capsule on leaves, (Hornworts or Anthoceros
Liverworts
Mosses
Horntails
__________
= lower vascular plant (lower type of xylem & phloem)
- damp, shady, low temperature
- reproduction: asexual by spores found on fronds, can ___________ and cross-fertilize (spores from leaves go on its own gamete on the roots)
- black/ brown dots (______) - spores
- rhizoids with ________ roots
- ________ water involved in fertilization
- haploid __________
- diploid __________
- fiddal heads or coroizers - immature leaf, left uncoiled
Pteridophytes
- can self-fertilize
- sorus (sori) - sporangium (diploid)
- rhizoids with functional roots
- no water involved in fertilization
- haploid gametophyte
- diploid sporophyte
Bryophyte Life Cycle
Mosses
Pteridophytes Life Cycle
ferns
________________
- major division of Plant Kingdom
- seed-producing
- present vascular tissues
Spermatophyta
2 Subgroup of Spermatophyta
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
_____________
- _________ - naked
- sperma - seed
- produce seeds ________ fruits
- develop on scales, leaves, end of stalks
- ovules not enclosed within the ovary wall
- exposed before and after fertilization and before developing into seed
- covered with resin and is protected
- not flowering except Gnetales (flowering: transition of gymnosperms into angiosperms)
- seed not formed inside a fruit
- cold, snow (tundra)
- needle-like leaves (reserve water moisture, takes long time to frost, if flat, exposed to permafrost_
- perrenial or woody: trees or bushes
- tap roots
- stem: branch or unbranch
- leaves: simple, compound
- not differentiated into ovary, style, stigma
- old version of xylem
- tracheids - pits (hole) - slender
- Tonis - blocks incoming water
- prone to air bubbles
Gymnosperms
gymno - naked
- produce seeds without fruits
Classification of Gymnosperms
- Cycadophyta
- Ginkgophyta
- Gnetophyta
- Coniferophyta
Classification of Gymnosperms
- vascular seed
- palmate
- leaves are clustered at the top in whorl
- not as tall, abt human height only
- spore at center (cone) (cyca)
Cycadophyta
Classification of Gymnosperms
- palmate
- leaf no midrib
- extant species (have live since jurassic to triassic)
- good absorption for pollution
- Ginko - neural development
Ginkgophyta
Classification of Gymnosperms
- needle-like (steel)
- male (sperms) on top and female (egg) below of the tree
- diploid: male (microsporangrium) - microsporocytes via spermatogenesis: female (megasporangium) megasporocytes via oogenesis; haploid - gametophyte stage
Coniferophyta
