Microtaxonomy (Species Concept) Flashcards
study of species and their classification, evolution, population estimation, geographic variation, and recognition of polytypic species.
Microtaxonomy
process by which a subgroup within a species becomes distinct and develops its own unique characteristics
Speciation
Types of Speciation
(AS, SS)
Allopatric Speciation
Sympatric Speciation
species splits into two separate groups due to geographical barriers
Allopatric Species
Isolation occurs within the same geographical location without geographical barriers to breeding but is caused by other factors.
Sympatric Speciation
Prezygotic Barriers
(BI, HI, TI, GB, MB)
Behavioral Isolation
Habitat Isolation
Temporal Isolation
Gametic Barrier
Mechanical Barrier
species moves to a new _______ and no longer shares it with other populations of the same species.
Habitat Isolation
habitat
different __________ that can lead to difficulty in attracting a mate.
Behavioral Isolation
behaviors
occurs when two species have different breeding schedules
Temporal Isolation
prevent fertilization from occurring due to differences in____________
Gametic Barrier
gamete cells
two similar organisms may try to mate, but their reproductive anatomy does not align with each other
Mechanical Barrier
Fertilization occurs but some factors still separate the two species.
Ex. Infertile
Postzygotic Barriers
a species as a group of populations that can breed and produce offspring within their own group but cannot effectively mate with other groups
Biological Species Concept (BSC)
Parts of BSC
(IC, RC)
Isolating Concept
Recognition Concept
responsible for discontinuity between species.
Isolating Concept
responsible for continuity within species.
Recognition Concept
A species is considered ___________when it evolves as a distinct lineage of populations, separate from other species and with its own unique evolutionary characteristics and tendencies.
Evolutionary Species Concept (Simpson 1961)
evolutionary
revised definition of the ________species concept states that a species is a single line of descent from ancestors to descendants
Evolutionary Species Concept (Wiley 1978)
Evolutionary
originated by Occam and his followers, believes that species are just human-made names with no real existence in nature.
Nominalistic Species Concept
It is also known as the essentialist species concept and recognizes species based on their essential natures or characteristics, which are expressed through their morphology.
Typological Species Concept
A species is a group of organisms that have their own unique place in the environment and evolve differently from other groups.
Ecological Species Concept (Van Valen 1976)
A species is defined by the competition between its own populations, rather than its competition with other species.
Ecological Species Concept (Colinvaux 1986)
defines a species as a group of organisms that can be reliably distinguished from others based on their physical appearance.
Morphological Species Concept (Cronquist 1978)
defines a species as a group of similar looking organisms that can be identified as unique based on their physical characteristics and given a specific name.
Morphological Species Concept (Regan 1926)
“A species is a set of organisms that look similar to each other and distinct from other sets.”
Phenetic Species Concept (Ridley 1993)
a species as a group of organisms that have a common ancestor and share a high degree of similarity in many physical traits.
Phylogenetic Species Concept
Can be due to genetic differences, environmental influences or a combination of both.
Variation
___________________collected specimens of finches from the different is lands of Galapagos.
Charles Darwin
Darwin’s Finches
discovered that they were all from the same species and had evolved differently to suit the various types of food available on different islands (such as fruits, nuts, and insects).
Charles Darwin
