MONERA, PROTISTA, FUNGI Flashcards
KINGDOM MONERA
(phyla)
AEC
Archaeabacteria
Eubacteria
Cyanobacteria
KINGDOM PROTISTA
(phyla)
ECSRAU
Excavates
Chromalveolates
Stramenophiles
Rhizarians
Archaeaplastida
Unikonts
Excavates
(class)
DPET
Diplomonads
Parabasalids
Euglenoids
Trypanosomes
Alveolates
(order)
DAC
Dinoflagellates
Apicomplexans
Ciliates
Stramenophiles
(class)
DBG
Diatoms
Brown Algae
Golden Algae
Rhizarians
(class)
FA
Forams
Actinopods
Archaeaplastida
(class)
RG
Red Algae
Green Algae
Unikonts
(class)
A
PSM
CSL
C
Amoebozoa
Plasmodial Slime Molds
Cellular Slime Molds
Choanoflagellates
KINGDOM FUNGI
(phyla)
CZGAB
Chytridiomycota
Zygomycota
Glomeromycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Monera
- ___karyotes
- unicellular
- reproduction: asexual - _______
- cell wall is rigid: made up of peptidoglycan
- movement: _______
- autotrophic, parasitic, saprophytic
Kingdom Monera
- prokaryotes
- reproduction: binary fission
- movement: flagella
____________
- live in extreme environments - ________philes
____________- microorganisms that thrive in very hot environment
____________- microorganisms that thrive in very cold environment
halophiles -microorganisms that thrive in high salt concentration environment
Archaeabacteria - extremophiles
thermophiles
psychrophiles
- live in normal conditions
- cell wall is rigid: peptidoglycan
- movement: __________
- autotrophic, heterotrophic
Eubacteria
- movement: flagellated
- photosynthetic
- chlorophyll, carotenoids, phycobilin
- aquatic
- autotrophic
Cyanobacteria
- informal group
- unicellular
- eukaryotic
- autotrophic, heterotrophic
- colonial
- coenocytes
- multicellular
- pesudopodia, cilia, flagella
- aquatic, terrestrial
- sexua, asexual
Protista
- unicellular
- deep excavated
- greatly modified mitochondria, semi- functional or none
- two or more flagella
- endosymbionts
Excavates
- 1 or 2 nuclei
- no functional mitochondria
- no golgi complex
- 8 flagella
Diplomonads
- anaerobic endosymbionts
- flagellated excavates mostly in animals
- trychonymphs - hundreds of flagella in termites, wood cockroaches
- trychomonads - STD in humans
Parabasalids
- unicellular flagellates
- free- living, parasitic
- 9+2 arrangement
- single mitochondria - organized deposit of DNA - kinetoplastids
- colorless, parasitic, human pathogens
Euglenoids and
Trypanosomes
- originated as a result of secondary endosymbionts - ancestral cell engulfed by red alga
- have small cavities under cell surfaces - alveoli
- photosynthetic, heterotrophic
Chromalveolates
- ribosomal DNA sequence
- alveoli
Alveolates
- unicellular, autotroph
- colonial
- alveoli: cellulose/ thecal plates
- 2 flagella
- endosymbionts - zooxanthellae
Dinoflagellates
- unicellular parasites
- apical complex - penetrate hose cell
- alveoli: serve as structural function
- unpigmented remndant chloroplast from red alga
- lack organelle for locomotion
- moving function - xxxx
- Malaria
- produce sporozoites
Apicomplexans
- cilia - locomotion and feeding
- alveoli: pellicle
- solitary in freshwater
- micronuclei - sexual gene shuffling - conjugation
- macronuclei
Ciliates
- unicellular, colonial
- cell wall: two shells that overlap
- radial and bilateral symmetry
- asexual - mitosis
- common in freshwater but abundant in cool ocean
Diatoms
- largest and most complex
- filamentous, fleshy, tuff
- known as seaweed
Brown Algae
- unicellular biflagellates
- freshwater, marine
- few lack flagella: similar in amoebal appearance
- asexual - zoospores
- photosynthetic: gold, golden brown pigment
Golden Algae
- amoeboid cells - hard outer shells (tests), cytoplasmic extension projections
- “rhizarian” - thread-like cytoplasmic projection,
- “rhiza” - root
- bikonts
Rhizarians
- marine rhizarians
- cytoplasmic projection - sticky interconnected net to catch preys
- unicellular algal endosymbionts
- live in ocean floor and/or part of plankton
Forams
- axopods - long filamentous cytoplasmic projections
- radiolarians - secrete glassy shells made up of silica
Actinopods
- grouped based on molecular data and presence of chloroplast
- bikonts
Archaeaplastida
- multicellular
- not producing motile cells
- body: complex, interwoven filaments (delicate, feathery)
- sexual, asexual
- warm tropical areas
Red Algae
- chemically identical to those land plants
- photosynthetic
- cell wall: cellulose
- multicellular cells not differentiated into tissue
- produce flagellated cells, few nonmotile
- asexual, sexual
- aquatic, terrestrial
Green Algae
- common ancestor - unikonts
- single centriolee
- triple-gene fusion
Unikonts
- produce temporary cytoplasmic projectoins called pseudopodia (lobose)
- amoeba (change)
- pseudopodia - moving, engulfing
Amoebozoa
- plasmodium - feeding stage
- form a network of channels that covers a large surface areas
Plasmodial Slime Molds
- feed as individual amoeboid cells that behaves as separate solitary organism
- haploid nucleus
- reproduce - mitosis
- lc. lacks flagellate stage
Cellular Slime Molds
- closely related to animals
- freshwater, marine
- free-swimming, sessile
- single flagellum with collar
- resemble collar cells in sponges
Choanoflagellates
- some are mycorrhizal
- mycelium
- eukaryote
- heterotrophic, saprophytic
- cell walls: chitin
- unicellular - yeasts
- multicellular - molds
- sexual, asexual
- impt in trapping CO2 into the soil, preventing to come in atmosphere
Fungi
- earliest fungal to evolve
- small, relatively simple
- ponds, salt water, damp soils
- mostly decomposers and few are parasites
- unicellular
- thallus - body - contains rhizoids (slender extensions) that anchor to food source and absorb it
- only fungi that have flagellate cell and spores that bear single posterior flagellum
- have flagellated gametes
Chytridiomycota
- most are decomposers
- live in soil on decaying plant or animal matter
- symbiotic relationship with plant roots
- few cause dieases to animal, plants, humans
- hypahe - coenocytic
- sexual rep - prpdouce zygomycetes (zygospores) produce in spore sacs (zygosporangia)
Zygomycota
- hyphae: coenocytic
- asexual: large, multinuleate spores - blatospores
- symbionts to roots of most trees and herbaceous plants
- if a plant grown in phosphate *deficient soild, limited root system - mutualism
- if a plant grows in phosphate *rich soil, wll developed root system - parasitism
- ## mycrorrhizae - symbiont between hyphae of certaun fungi and root of plants
Glomeromycota
- sac fungi
- ## most yeasts impt in trapping CO2 into the soil, preventing to come in atmosphere - cause food to spoil
Ascomycota
- largest and most familiar fungi: mushrooms, bracket fungi, puffballs
- many are decomposers, few causes human disease
- asexual rep is less observed
- sexual rep: basidia - microscopic club-shaped comparable in funtion to the asci
Basidiomycota
