Plant Vegetative Structure

Question 1

the section of the embryonic axis beneath the cotyledonary node that gives rise to the radicle at its tip

Answer 1

hypocotyl

Question 2

located at the lowest area of a seed’s embryonic axis that produces the main root

Answer 2

radicle

Question 3

root that branches out from the main trunk of hypocotyl

Answer 3

primary root

Question 4

roots that originated from the primary root

Answer 4

secondary root

Question 5

roots that develop from stems, leaves, and other parts of plants

Answer 5

adventitious root

Question 6

has one main root where it branches out into lateral roots (carrot-like)

Answer 6

taproot system

Question 7

multiple roots that branch out from the stem (grass-like)

Answer 7

fibrous root system

Question 8

roots delve into the soil to find water and minerals

Answer 8

anchorage

Question 9

absorb a significant amount of water and dissolved minerals from the soil

Answer 9

absorption

Question 10

large energy reserves are stored in roots for vegetative growth and reproduction

Answer 10

storage

Question 11

water and dissolved nutrients are moved to and from the shoot by the roots

Answer 11

conduction

Question 12

the tip of the root, protects the root apical meristem and in charge of the geotropic growth

Answer 12

root cap

Question 13

the location where the original cells split and produce all other root cells

Answer 13

quiescent center

Question 14

located 0.5-1.5mm behind the root tip, divides every 12-36 hours, produces almost 20,000 new cells per day

Answer 14

zone of cellular division

Question 15

located 4-15mm behind the root tip, where the cells start to elongate to give it length

Answer 15

zone of cellular elongation

Question 16

located 10-50mm behind the root tip, where the root hairs degrade, cells acquire a secondary wall and lateral roots develop

Answer 16

zone of cellular maturation

Question 17

covers all the root except the root cap, usually one cell thick, lacks stomata

Answer 17

epidermis

Question 18

located interior to the epidermis, consists of three layers: endodermis, parenchyma tissues, and exodermis

Answer 18

cortex

Question 19

includes xylem and phloem tissues, pericycle, and cambium; monocots have parenchymatous piths while dicots have solid xylem cores

Answer 19

stele

Question 20

portion of the embryo axis in the seed, essential in germination, the immature shoot that later becomes the stem

Answer 20

epicotyl

Question 21

stems that grow above the soil

Answer 21

aerial/mediterranean stem

Question 22

stems that grow below the soil

Answer 22

underground/subterranean stem

Question 23

stems that grow underground in horizontal direction and produces shoots above and roots below

Answer 23

rhizomes

Question 24

stem that develop at the end of the roots that emerged from underground stems

Answer 24

tuber

Question 25

a short, vertical, swollen underground stem of a plant that serves as a storage; roots emerge from a smooth area at the base known as the basal plate

Answer 25

corm

Question 26

new plants arise from very short, thick underground stems with thin, scaly leaves

Answer 26

bulb

Question 27

known for their soft, green, and flexible stems. they are plants that do not thicken very much and rely on branching to grow laterally

Answer 27

herbaceous

Question 28

characterized by their hard, woody stems

Answer 28

woody

Question 29

perpendicular growth from the ground

Answer 29

erect

Question 30

oblique or diagonal growth from the ground

Answer 30

ascending

Question 31

lies flat on the ground and turns upwards at the ends

Answer 31

decumbent

Question 32

lies flat on the ground

Answer 32

prostrate

Question 33

grows closely to the ground

Answer 33

creeping

Question 34

grow over other plants or objects by means of tendril climbers, twiners, root climbers, hooks, and scrambler

Answer 34

climbing

Question 35

aerial stem of a grass or sedge, hollow between the rings (nodes) and grow in branching clusters from a thick rhizome

Answer 35

culm

Question 36

branch or shoot originating below the ground from the root or lower part of the main stem

Answer 36

sucker

Question 37

slender branch or shoot arising from or near the base of the parent plant

Answer 37

stolon

Question 38

consist of a principal stem called trunk

Answer 38

trees

Question 39

cylindrical, unbranched, bears one set of leaves at its summit

Answer 39

columnar

Question 40

develops when the central leader outgrows the lateral branches forming a narrow, cone-shaped form with a clearly defined central trunk

Answer 40

excurrent

Question 41

the main stem grows up to a particular height after which it gives several branches giving it a dome shape

Answer 41

deliquescent

Question 42

the points on a stem where the buds, leaves, and branching twigs originate

Answer 42

node

Question 43

a segment of a stem between two nodes

Answer 43

internode

Question 44

a pore or aggregation of cells penetrating the surface where gas exchange occur

Answer 44

lenticel

Question 45

the mark left by a leaf after it falls off the twig

Answer 45

scar

Question 46

embryonic shoot, a meristematic tissue

Answer 46

bud

Question 47

a protective tissue that covers the entire surface of the plant

Answer 47

epidermal tissue

Question 48

composed of specialized conducting tissues, xylem and phloem; transports water, minerals, and sugars to different parts of the plant

Answer 48

vascular tissue

Question 49

small, undeveloped structures in plants that will grow into mature leaves; they are the early stages of leaf development

Answer 49

leaf primordia

Question 50

the stalk that supports a leaf in a plant and attaches it to the stem

Answer 50

petiole

Question 51

the expanded thin and green part of the leaf which performs photosynthesis; also known as the lamina

Answer 51

blade

Question 52

small channels or capillaries that transport water and minerals to and from the leaf of a plant

Answer 52

veins

Question 53

the main vein of a leaf, running down the centre of the blade

Answer 53

midrib

Question 54

the outgrowth of structures of the hypopodium or leaf base

Answer 54

stipule

Question 55

the leaf may be lobed or divided, but does not form distinct leaflets

Answer 55

simple leaves

Question 56

the leaf is separated into distinct leaflets, each with its own small petiole

Answer 56

compound leaves

Question 57

made up of a single layer of cells; the epidermis is covered to the cuticle

Answer 57

upper and lower epidermis

Question 58

fills in the space between the upper and lower epidermis

Answer 58

mesophyll

Question 59

they bring water and mineral salts and take photosynthesized substances out of the leaves

Answer 59

vascular bundle