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Botany Lab > Plant Vegetative Structure > Flashcards

Plant Vegetative Structure Flashcards

1
Q

the section of the embryonic axis beneath the cotyledonary node that gives rise to the radicle at its tip

A

hypocotyl

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2
Q

located at the lowest area of a seed’s embryonic axis that produces the main root

A

radicle

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3
Q

root that branches out from the main trunk of hypocotyl

A

primary root

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4
Q

roots that originated from the primary root

A

secondary root

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5
Q

roots that develop from stems, leaves, and other parts of plants

A

adventitious root

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6
Q

has one main root where it branches out into lateral roots (carrot-like)

A

taproot system

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7
Q

multiple roots that branch out from the stem (grass-like)

A

fibrous root system

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8
Q

roots delve into the soil to find water and minerals

A

anchorage

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9
Q

absorb a significant amount of water and dissolved minerals from the soil

A

absorption

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10
Q

large energy reserves are stored in roots for vegetative growth and reproduction

A

storage

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11
Q

water and dissolved nutrients are moved to and from the shoot by the roots

A

conduction

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12
Q

the tip of the root, protects the root apical meristem and in charge of the geotropic growth

A

root cap

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13
Q

the location where the original cells split and produce all other root cells

A

quiescent center

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14
Q

located 0.5-1.5mm behind the root tip, divides every 12-36 hours, produces almost 20,000 new cells per day

A

zone of cellular division

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15
Q

located 4-15mm behind the root tip, where the cells start to elongate to give it length

A

zone of cellular elongation

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16
Q

located 10-50mm behind the root tip, where the root hairs degrade, cells acquire a secondary wall and lateral roots develop

A

zone of cellular maturation

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17
Q

covers all the root except the root cap, usually one cell thick, lacks stomata

A

epidermis

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18
Q

located interior to the epidermis, consists of three layers: endodermis, parenchyma tissues, and exodermis

A

cortex

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19
Q

includes xylem and phloem tissues, pericycle, and cambium; monocots have parenchymatous piths while dicots have solid xylem cores

A

stele

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20
Q

portion of the embryo axis in the seed, essential in germination, the immature shoot that later becomes the stem

A

epicotyl

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21
Q

stems that grow above the soil

A

aerial/mediterranean stem

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22
Q

stems that grow below the soil

A

underground/subterranean stem

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23
Q

stems that grow underground in horizontal direction and produces shoots above and roots below

A

rhizomes

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24
Q

stem that develop at the end of the roots that emerged from underground stems

A

tuber

25
Q

a short, vertical, swollen underground stem of a plant that serves as a storage; roots emerge from a smooth area at the base known as the basal plate

A

corm

26
Q

new plants arise from very short, thick underground stems with thin, scaly leaves

A

bulb

27
Q

known for their soft, green, and flexible stems. they are plants that do not thicken very much and rely on branching to grow laterally

A

herbaceous

28
Q

characterized by their hard, woody stems

A

woody

29
Q

perpendicular growth from the ground

A

erect

30
Q

oblique or diagonal growth from the ground

A

ascending

31
Q

lies flat on the ground and turns upwards at the ends

A

decumbent

32
Q

lies flat on the ground

A

prostrate

33
Q

grows closely to the ground

A

creeping

34
Q

grow over other plants or objects by means of tendril climbers, twiners, root climbers, hooks, and scrambler

A

climbing

35
Q

aerial stem of a grass or sedge, hollow between the rings (nodes) and grow in branching clusters from a thick rhizome

A

culm

36
Q

branch or shoot originating below the ground from the root or lower part of the main stem

A

sucker

37
Q

slender branch or shoot arising from or near the base of the parent plant

A

stolon

38
Q

consist of a principal stem called trunk

A

trees

39
Q

cylindrical, unbranched, bears one set of leaves at its summit

A

columnar

40
Q

develops when the central leader outgrows the lateral branches forming a narrow, cone-shaped form with a clearly defined central trunk

A

excurrent

41
Q

the main stem grows up to a particular height after which it gives several branches giving it a dome shape

A

deliquescent

42
Q

the points on a stem where the buds, leaves, and branching twigs originate

A

node

43
Q

a segment of a stem between two nodes

A

internode

44
Q

a pore or aggregation of cells penetrating the surface where gas exchange occur

A

lenticel

45
Q

the mark left by a leaf after it falls off the twig

A

scar

46
Q

embryonic shoot, a meristematic tissue

A

bud

47
Q

a protective tissue that covers the entire surface of the plant

A

epidermal tissue

48
Q

composed of specialized conducting tissues, xylem and phloem; transports water, minerals, and sugars to different parts of the plant

A

vascular tissue

49
Q

small, undeveloped structures in plants that will grow into mature leaves; they are the early stages of leaf development

A

leaf primordia

50
Q

the stalk that supports a leaf in a plant and attaches it to the stem

A

petiole

51
Q

the expanded thin and green part of the leaf which performs photosynthesis; also known as the lamina

A

blade

52
Q

small channels or capillaries that transport water and minerals to and from the leaf of a plant

A

veins

53
Q

the main vein of a leaf, running down the centre of the blade

A

midrib

54
Q

the outgrowth of structures of the hypopodium or leaf base

A

stipule

55
Q

the leaf may be lobed or divided, but does not form distinct leaflets

A

simple leaves

56
Q

the leaf is separated into distinct leaflets, each with its own small petiole

A

compound leaves

57
Q

made up of a single layer of cells; the epidermis is covered to the cuticle

A

upper and lower epidermis

58
Q

fills in the space between the upper and lower epidermis

A

mesophyll

59
Q

they bring water and mineral salts and take photosynthesized substances out of the leaves

A

vascular bundle

Botany Lab (5 decks)

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