Midterms Flashcards
1
Q
scientific name of onion
A
allium cepa
2
Q
scientific name of digman
A
hydrilla verticillata
3
Q
scientific name of tomato
A
solanum lycopersicum
4
Q
scientific name of potato
A
solanum tuberosum
5
Q
scientific name of bangka-bangkaan
A
tradescantia spathacea
6
Q
scientific name of dumbcane
A
dieffenbachia
7
Q
scientific name of alikbangon
A
commelina
8
Q
scientific name of banana
A
musa paradisiaca
9
Q
scientific name of mayana
A
plectranthus scutellarioides
10
Q
scientific name of kangkong
A
ipomea aquatica
11
Q
scientific name of santan
A
ixora
12
Q
scientific name of mongo
A
phaseolus vulgaris
13
Q
scientific name of patola
A
luffa acutangula
14
Q
scientific name of coconut
A
cocos nucifera
15
Q
these cells have thin cell walls and the protoplast is alive at maturity
A
parenchyma cells
16
Q
found in groups along the sides of the young stems or in the stalk or midrib of leaves; the walls of these cells are unevenly thickened and thickening occurs at the corners where the cells meet
A
collenchyma cells
17
Q
have very thick walls and these cells die at maturity; the common examples of these are the fibers and sclereids or stone cells
A
sclerenchyma cells
18
Q
cell type of musa paradisiaca
A
parenchyma cells
19
Q
cell type of dieffenbachia
A
parenchyma cells
20
Q
cell type of commelina
A
parenchyma cells
21
Q
cell type of plectranthus scutellarioides
A
collenchyma cells
22
Q
cell type of ipomea aquatica
A
collenchyma cells
23
Q
cell type of ixora
A
collenchyma cells
24
Q
cell type of phaseolus vulgaris
A
sclerenchyma cells
25
cell type of luffa
sclerenchyma cells
26
cell type of cocos nucifera
sclerenchyma cells
27
in plants, this division of cells occur in special tissues called ___
meristems
28
nuclear division
karyokinesis
29
cytoplasmic division
cytokinesis
30
a large spherical nucleus, with nuclear membrane intact, grain-like chromosomes, and one to two nucleoli
interphase
31
a large, spherical nucleus with a nucleolus and nuclear membrane intact and with thickened, more distinctly ribbonlike chromosomes. the chromosomes may look like a dish of spaghetti
early prophase
32
a cell in which the chromosomes appear as a loose knot in the center of the cell. the nuclear membrane, if still present, is indistinct. the nucleolus may start to fade
late prophase
33
a cell in which the chromosomes are aligned in the equatorial plane of the cell
metaphase
34
a cell in which the chromatids are moving to opposite poles of the cell
anaphase
35
a cell in which the chromatids, though fairly distinct are close to the opposite poles of the cell. a cell plate may be forming at the middle of the cell
telophase
36
two cells that appear to have finished dividing recently
cytokinesis
37
instrument that is used in science laboratories to visualize objects which are otherwise very small to observe with the naked eye
microscope
38
magnifies the image of the specimen; it is where the viewer looks through to view the object placed on the stage
eye piece
39
the tube that holds the eyepiece lens
eye piece sleeve
40
controls the objective lens up and down for quick focusing; it is used on lower magnification
coarse adjustment knob
41
a slow but precise control to focus the image at higher magnification
fine adjustment knob
42
the platform where slides are placed
stage
43
hold the slide on the stage
stage clips
44
keeps the objective above the platform
arm
45
ensures the microscope’s stability
base
46
a light reflector to allow the observer to view the specimen
mirror
47
focuses the light on the specific part of the slide that is being studied
condenser
48
an internal sleeve that keeps the eyepiece and the rotating nosepiece in place
body tube
49
allows the choice of objectives needed for the study
rotating nosepiece
50
lenses that magnify objects in different magnification
levels
objectives
51
has a total magnification of 40x; provides a general overview of the slide; striped with a red band
scanner
52
has a total magnification of 100x; best for observing and analyzing the slide without getting too close; striped with a yellow band
lpo
53
has a total magnification of 400x; provides a detailed view of the specimen; striped with a light blue band
hpo
54
has a total magnification of 1000x; has the most powerful magnification; requires immersion oil; striped with a white band
oio
55
cell wall is present outside the cell membrane; the building blocks of plants
plant cells
56
the layer outside the cell membrane that protects the cell and gives it structure; separates the interior contents of the cell from the exterior environment
cell wall
57
acts as storage for any hereditary information such as DNA
nucleus
58
an organelle within the nucleus which produces ribosomes and proteins
nucleolus
59
composed of RNA and proteins; protein factory of the cell
ribosomes
60
an organelle that is in charge of photosynthesis as it absorbs sunlight and utilizes its energy to produce CO2 and glucose
chloroplast
61
a semi-permeable membrane which acts as an entry and exit point for the cell
cell membrane
62
a liquid component which helps in maintaining the shape of the cell; a medium for organelle movements around the cell
cytoplasm
63
a smooth organelle that contains no ribosomes that are responsible for producing lipids and distributing it
smooth er
64
a rough organelle that is bounded by ribosomes; responsible for producing proteins and packaging them
rough er
65
responsible for dispersing synthesized macromolecules to different cell regions
golgi apparatus
66
maintains turgor pressure on the cell wall
central vacuole
67
powerhouse of the cell
mitochondria
68
known as suicidal bags because they contain digestive enzymes within an enclosed membrane
lysosome
69
who discovered the cell cycle
alma howard and stephen pelc
70
the period before DNA synthesis begins and where the cell increases in size
G1 phase
71
it is responsible for the synthesis or replication of the DNA
S phase
72
the eukaryotic cell separates the nuclear DNA and chromosomes and divides into two different but similar sets of nuclei
M phase
73
division of a single nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei
mitosis
74
refers to the various chemical compounds that are present in plants
plant chemical composition
75
big macromolecules that plays an important role in growth and development; referred to as the body’s building blocks
proteins
76
in this test, the appearance of bluish-violet color confirms the presence of proteins
biuret test
77
in this test, the appearance of yellow color confirms the presence of proteins
xanthoproteic test
78
in this test, the appearance of brick red color confirms the presence of proteins
millions test
79
in this test, the appearance of deep blue or purple color confirms the presence of proteins
ninhydrin test
80
creates a direct link between the sun and chemical energy
carbohydrates
81
these are fatty or waxy substances your body makes that don’t dissolve in water; they work as an energy storage or as plant membrane in plants
lipids
82
in this test, if the sample is miscible with chloroform and immiscible with water the fat presence is confirmed
solubility test
83
in this test, if there is presence of translucent spot then the presence of fats is confirmed
translucent spot test
84
in this test, if there is a pungent irritating odor then the presence of fats or oil is confirmed
acrolein test
85
the passage of water from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane
osmosis
86
the process by which water molecules enter the cell
endosmosis
87
the process by which water molecules exit the cell
exosmosis
88
higher solute in solution than in cell; water moves out of the cell
hypertonic
89
equal amounts of solute in cell and solution; water moves into and out of the cell at the same time
isotonic
90
lower solute in solution than in cell; water moves into the cell
hypotonic
91
the contracting or shrinking of a plant cell’s protoplasm as a result of the loss of water in the cell when placed in a hypertonic solution
plasmolysis
92
latin word meaning matrix
plasma
93
greek word meaning loosening
lysis
94
due to the loss of water, the protoplasm and plasma membrane shrink away from the cell wall.
concave plasmolysis
95
the cell membrane and protoplasm entirely separate from the cell wall; irreversible and leads to the cell’s destruction
convex plasmolysis
96
the phenomenon in which a cell swells and its turgor pressure increases from the absorption of water due to osmosis; occurs when the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution
turgidity
97
a type of autochory in which seeds are dispersed in an explosive manner
ballochory
98
able to control the entering and exiting of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water from leaves
guard cells
99
allows the passage of water molecules but restricts the movement of larger solute
semi-permeable membrane
100
difference in solute concentration; sets the stage of the movement of water
concentration gradient
101
small and can move freely through the cell membrane
water movement
102
moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration
passive movement
103
including ions and sugars, dissolved in the cell’s cytoplasm
solute particles
104
internal pressure; accumulates in the central vacuole and pushes against the cell wall
turgor pressure
105
solute concentrations are balanced; no net movement of water
osmotic equilibrium
106
prevents the cell from bursting
cell wall
107
means small
mikros
108
means look at
skopeo
109
invented practical microscopes; discovery of bacteria; “free cells” with nucleus (red blood cell)
anton van leeuwenhoek
110
discovered the cell; invented compound microscope in 1665
robert hooke
111
controls the amount of light that reaches the specimen
diaphragm
112
ability of the microscope to enlarge an image
magnification
113
organisms that are made up of large and complex cells (e.g. animals and plant cells)
eukaryotic cells
114
made up of small and simple cells; no nucleus but have nucleoid (e.g. bacteria)
prokaryotic cells
115
the cementing substance between cells; consist of cellulose and pectate that put adjacent cell together; located between two primary cell walls
middle lamella
116
plastid or organelle that contains starch
amyloplast
117
responsible for colors of the fruits and the flower of the plant
anthocyanin
118
growth, synthesis of materials that will be needed for cell division, specifically proteins that would make up spindle fibers
G2 phase
119
responsible for the separation of genetic material, facilitating their arrival to the opposite poles
microtubules
120
region responsible for cell division; microtubules-organizing region
centrosome
121
partition in the cytoplasm; leads to division of original cell into two daughter cells
cell plates
122
transport cells in vascular plants; helps in water and minerals transportation from roots to the leaves and other parts of the plant
xylem
123
they transport food prepared by the leaves to different parts of the plants
phloem
