Plant Unit Test Flashcards
what are the four groups?
Bryophytes
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Pteridophytes
Bryophytes
( non-vascular seedless plants )
Includes mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
No vascular tissue
Relies on diffusion (high → low) and osmosis (low → high) to transport nutrients
No roots (has root like structures instead)
Mats of low, tangles vegetation
Holds water like a sponge
They have no flowers and are ugly
Gymnosperms
(vascular naked seed producing plants)
Includes pinecones, spruce cones
Have seeds that are exposed on the surface of cones
Reproduced by the male cone releasing sperm into the wind through the use of pollen grains. They then find the female and fertilise
Angiosperms
(vascular seed producing flower plants)
Bloom flowers and fruit
Reproductive genes in flower
Pollen grain will either get picked up by the wind or get attached to animals (like bees)
Pteridophytes
(vascular seedless plants)
Includes ferns, horsetails, and club mosses
Vascular tissue that allows them to grow tall
Do not produce seeds or flowers
They depend on moisture to carry out sexual reproduction
sepals
They are the green leaves coming off the side of the stem.
protect both flowers and fruits by producing chemicals that would ward off predators
petals
attract insects for pollination and to protect the reproductive organs
stamens
produce the pollen grains, which house male gametes, or sex cells, necessary for reproduction
anther
They are green bulb like structures at the end of the purple stigma
Produces and contains pollen
stigma
Bendable sticks coming out of the centre of the flower
Helps collect pollen
style
They are a structure coming out of the centre of the flower
They assist with fertilization by being in the location where pollen tubes travel to deliver sperm cells to the egg
Angiosperm life cycle
Makes spores
Embryo Growth (haploid)
Seed Germination
Sporophyte Growth
Flowering
Fruit Production
vascular
tissue that helps transport water and nutrients
Non-vascular
plants without a vascular system consisting of xylem and phloem. Instead, they may possess simpler tissues that have specialised functions for the internal transport of water.
which ones have vascular tissue?
Angiosperms, Pteridophytes, and Gymnosperms
how do you tell which plants have vascular tissue?
If they have traversing roots like moss they don’t
What is a phloem?
vascular tissue that moves sugar downward
what is a xylem?
a vascular tissue that moves water up from the root
what is a gametophyte?
The gametophyte is the sexual phase in the life cycle of plants.
What is a sporophyte?
The diploid stage which produces asexual spores.
define haploid
Has one set of chromosomes, formed by meiosis
define diploid
Has two sets of chromosomes, undergoes mitosis
life cycle of a plant?
- Plant life cycles have two alternating phases: A diploid phase and a haploid phase.
- The diploid stage is known as the sporophyte plant.
The sporophyte plant produces spores - Spores are haploid reproductive cells formed as a result of meiosis ( a type of division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores )
- Spores germinate and grow into new individuals called gametophytes.
- The gametophyte generation is the haploid phase of the plant life cycle. The gametophyte plant produces gametes (egg and sperm) by mitosis.
- Egg and sperm fuse during fertilisation to produce a diploid zygote.
- The zygote grows and develops into the mature sporophyte plant.
how do you identify a monocot?
One cotyledon, parallel-veined leaves, narrow leaves, vascular bundles scattered, flower parts in multiples of three.
examples of a monocot?
Corn, grasses, wheat, coconuts, orchids, onions, palms, ginger, garlic, pineapple, aloevera, barley, banana, asparagus, duckweed.
how do you identify a dicot?
Two cotyledons, tap root (like carrots), net veined leaves, vascular bundles in stem form a ring, flower parts in four or fives.
examples of a dicot?
All legumes, beans lentils, pea, and peanuts
importance of plants?
Bales of straw (dried grain stalks or stems) can be used for support and insulation in the construction of new homes.
It is renewable on a short time scale, relatively inexpensive, easily available, and it is an excellent insulator.
photosynthesis
Produces glucose and oxygen
Glucose: is the food that supplies plants and consumers with energy to perform activities
Oxygen: Plants use the oxygen they produce for cellular respiration, although most gets released
plants supply biochemicals
(ecosystem)
attract pollinators and repel threats
prevention of erosion
They reduce the negative effects of flooding, help to keep the water in the soil, and they help preserve topsoil
a cellulose source
Cellulose is a large and complex carbohydrate
Humans use it to make fabric, paper, and cardboard
a source of food
Used in agriculture and farming practices
Is needed to survive and sustain the population
a fuel source
Burning wood and coal ( coal is created by decomposed plant material buried deep below earth’s surface )
Is what makes up wood
plants supply biochemicals
(humans)
used for medicinal purposes
a recreation and ecotourism resource
Make the world pretty so people want to visit everywhere to see the different biodiversity
