Plant Tissues

Question 1

Define Aerenchyma

Answer 1

Parenchymatous tissue containing large intellulat air spaces(well developed in aquatic plants)

Question 2

Define Apical Meristem

Answer 2

Collection of cells at growing apices of shoot and root that ultimately divide to produce the primary plant body

Question 3

Define Bark

Answer 3

A non technical term used for all the tissues outside the vascular cambium

Question 4

Define Bicollateral vascular bundle

Answer 4

A vascular bundle construction with phloem on 2 sides of the xylem

Question 5

Define Cambium(vascular cambium, a lateral meristem)

Answer 5

An actively dividing layer of cells that lies between and gives rise to the secondary plant body

Question 6

Define Collenchyma

Answer 6

Living supporting cell of the primary body, more or less elongated with an unevenly thickened primary wall

Question 7

Define Companion cell

Answer 7

Parenchymatous cell positioned next to the sieve tube element as a sister cell and arising by a division of sieve tube mother element cell

Question 8

Define Complementary tissue

Answer 8

Loosely organized cell composing of lenticel

Question 9

Define Cortex

Answer 9

Region of primary tissue in the plant axis located between the vascular tissue and epidermis

Question 10

Define Cuticle

Answer 10

A thin waxy sheet of noncellular material that covers the outer surface of all the parts of the primary shoot and reproductive structures

Question 11

Define Cystolith

Answer 11

Internal stalked concretion that projects into the cell lumen and is composed of a peg of cellulose covered with calcium carbonate

Question 12

Define Endodermis

Answer 12

A layer of cells without intercellular spaces and forming the innermost zone of the cortex seperating the cortex from the vascular tissue

Question 13

Define Epidermis

Answer 13

Outermost layer of cells on the primary plant body

Question 14

Define Fiber

Answer 14

Term of convenience for any long, narrow usually thick walled, and lignified cell of the primary ad secondary body

Question 15

Define Ground meristem

Answer 15

Primary Meristematic tissue that will give rise to the primary cortex and the pith

Question 16

Define Idioblast

Answer 16

Any cell that differs markedly in form and contents from other neighbouring cells of the same tissue

Question 17

Define Laticifer

Answer 17

General term for a cell containing latex

Question 18

Define Lenticel

Answer 18

Specialized portion of the periderm, variously shaped but often lentricular consisting of loosesly arranged cells that are never more than slightly suberized, serving for the exchange of gases through the otherwise impermeable periderm

Question 19

Define Lithocyst

Answer 19

An enlarged cell containing a cystolith

Question 20

Define Metaxylem

Answer 20

Later-formed primary xylem

Question 21

Define Periderm

Answer 21

Outer protective layers produced by the phellogen that replace the epidermis as the impermeable covering of the older stems and roots

Question 22

Define Phellem (cork)

Answer 22

Tissue produced externally by the phellogen in a stem or root, its cells are generally suberized

Question 23

Define Phelloderm

Answer 23

Living tissue internally produced by the phellogen and that generally reassembles cortical parenchyma in appearance

Question 24

Define Phellogen (cork cambium)

Answer 24

A lateral meristematic layer that produces periderm

Question 25

Define Phloem

Answer 25

Complex food conducting tissue of vascular plants

Question 26

Define Pith

Answer 26

Central core in the stem and occasionally in the root

Question 27

Define Primary Body

Answer 27

The part of the plant body derived from the shoot and the root, apical meristems and their derivative meristematic tissues

Question 28

Define Primary Phloem

Answer 28

Phloem of the primary plant body

Question 29

Define Primary Xylem

Answer 29

Xylem of the primary plant body

Question 30

Define Protoxylem

Answer 30

First formed primary xylem

Question 31

Define Sclereid

Answer 31

A cell that is usually not markedly elongated but has a thick typically lignified wall generally but not invariably devoid of protoplast at maturity, often supportive or protective in function

Question 32

Define Secondary Body

Answer 32

Part of the plant body derived from the activity of the lateral meristems

Question 33

Define Secondary Phloem

Answer 33

Phloem tissue formed by the activity of the vascular cambium

Question 34

Define Secondary Xylem

Answer 34

Xylem or wood produced by a vascular cambium

Question 35

Define Sieve cell

Answer 35

Long, slender, primitive conducting cell of the phloem that does not form a constituent element of a sieve tube but that is provided with relatively unspecified sieve areas.

Question 36

Define Sieve element

Answer 36

Cell of the phloem tissue that functions principally in the longitudinal conduction of organic solutes

Question 37

Define Sieve Plate

Answer 37

Specialized part of the end wall of a sieve tube element that has a solitary sieve area or several closely spaced sieve areas

Question 38

Define Sieve tube

Answer 38

Food conducting tube of the phloem made up of an axial series of such cells arranged end to end to form a sieve tube

Question 39

Define Sieve tube element

Answer 39

Long conducting cell of the phloem element of flowering plants that forms one of an axial series of such cells arranged end to end to form a sieve tube

Question 40

Define Stoma

Answer 40

A pair of guard cell together with the apertura between them

Question 41

Define Tangenitial Collenchyma

Answer 41

Living cell of the stem and the leaf in which the wall is thickened mainly on the inner and outer tangential walls

Question 42

Define Tracheid

Answer 42

Imperforate water conducting cells with bordered pits to cogeneric elements

Question 43

Define Tracheary Element

Answer 43

Principal water conducting xylem includes tracheids and vessel elements

Question 44

Define Trichome

Answer 44

Epidermal outgrowth of diverse form structure and form

Question 45

Define Vascular Bundle

Answer 45

Strandlike association of primary xylem and phloem that extends throughout the plant body

Question 46

Define Velamen

Answer 46

Multiple epidermis covering the aerial roots of some tropical epiphytic orchids and aroids

Question 47

Define Vessel

Answer 47

An axial series of cells(vessel members) that have coalesced to form a tubelike structure of intermediate length

Question 48

Define Vessel Element

Answer 48

One of the cellular perforate components of a vessel

Question 49

Define Xylem

Answer 49

Principal water conducting tissue of the primary and secondary plant body

Question 50

Plants affecting kidneys

Answer 50

Rumex acetosella - Sheep’s Sorrel

Question 51

Plants causing local irritation and abortion

Answer 51

Junioerus sabina- Savin Juniper

Question 52

Plants affecting the cardiovascular system

Answer 52

Taxus baccato -English Yew, Evonymus europaeus, Chelidonium majus -Greater Celandine, Aconitum callybothryon -Monkshood, Digitalis purpurea -Common Foxglove, Convallaria majalis-Lily of the Valley, Polygonatum odoratum- Angular Solomon’s Seal

Question 53

Plants affecting the central nervous system

Answer 53

Atropa belldonna- Belladonna or Deadly Nightshade, Datura stramonium- Devils Snare, Hyoscyamus niger-Henbane, Conium maculation-Poison Hemlock, Cicuta virosa-Northern Water Hemlock, Aethusa cynapium-Fool’s Parsley