Plant systems Flashcards
What are the main parts of a plant
Flower, leaf, fruit, and main stem.
What are some common characteristics of plants
Plants are multicellular
Typically green in color
cannot move from place to place.
All have anchoring structures.(roots)
what do Leafs do
Leaves are good for support, protection and reproduction.
Other uses include food, waxes and medicines.
The organelle that performs photosynthesis in the leat is the Chloroplast.
Inside the chloroplast are flat disc shaped Thylakoids which are stacked into Grana. They use chlorophyll to collect and store the sun’s energy.
Pigment in them is chlorophill
What are flowers for
Flowers are developed for sexual reproduction.
They contain male or female reproductive structures and sometimes both.
Male structures produce pollen grains.
Female structures produce eggs which need to be fertilized by pollen.
After pollination, the female flower part produces seeds.
Non flowering plants have different sexual reproductive systems. They are wind pollinated and produce pollen and seeds in specialized cones. Ex) Mosses, Ferns & Coniferous Trees
what are the human and non human purposes for the Stem
The stem or trunk has many functions: support branches, leaves, and flowers, and provides a way to transport materials.
Contains lots of vascular tissue to carry stuff to and from the roots, leaves, flowers and fruits.
what are Meristematic cells
When seeds start to grow, the cells divide very fast. As the seed becomes an embryo some cells will specialize.
Just like animals have unspecialized stem cells, plants will always have unspecialized cells called Meristematic Cells.
Meristematic cells can differentiate and specialize into different tissue types.
Specialized cells, basicly a stem cell for plants.
what is Dermal Tissue
It is made up of tissues that form the outer surfaces of plant parts.
- Epidermial tissue (Epidermis)- thin layer of cells that covers surfaces of leaves, stems and roots.
2.Peridermis tissue- on the surface of a plant that produces bark on stems and large roots.
what is Vascular tissue
Made of tissues specialized to transport water, minerals & nutrients through the plant.
Xylem
Dead, hollow cells that transport water and minerals from roots to leaves – one way only
2 . Phloem
Living cells that transport sugars made by photosynthesis in BOTH directions
what is Ground tissue
Make up all the other structures in a plant.
Internal tissue
The filler between dermal and vascular tissue.
Makes up most of young plant tissue.
In the green parts of plants, they make nutrients via photosynthesis.
In the roots, they store carbohydrates.
In stems, they provide storage and support.
chemical equation - photosynthesis
Light Energy + CO2(Carbon dioxide) + H2O (water) (ARROW) Glucose O2 (oxygen)
How plants obtain Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide) Gases enter and exit through stomata (holes in the leaf surface)
Stomata are surrounded by guard cells
What are guard cells
Guard Cells
Respond to light levels
Close stomata at night when CO2 is not needed because there is no sunlight for Photo synthesis (conserves water also)
How do plants get water
Water is brought by XYLEM from roots, to stem
and leaves
Root hairs increase the surface area
How do leaves reduce water loss
Leaves reduce water loss by:
a waxy cuticle produced by the epidermal cells
Closing stomata when water levels are low and at night
What is transpiration and where does it occur.
Transpiration is the evaporation of water from plants. It occurs at the leaves while their stomata are open for the passage of CO2 and O2during photosynthesis.
