Cells gr 10 bio

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Only in Eukaryotic cells. Contains the cell’s DNA and controls the cell’s activities. Sometimes called the “brain” of the cell.

Question 2

Prokaryotes

Answer 2

Cells without a nucleus and with complex organelles

Question 3

organelle

Answer 3

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes. Found inside the nucleus.

Question 5

Unicellular

Answer 5

single-celled organisms like bacteria

Question 6

3 rules of cell theory

Answer 6

1) all living things are made up of cells
2) Cells are the basic units of strucure and function in living things (smallest living things)
3) All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

Question 7

Mitochondria

Answer 7

“Powerhouse” or “Energy producer”; makes ATP through cell respiration

Question 8

Vesicles

Answer 8

Like vacoucles for animal cells. More of them and smaller in animal cells

Question 9

Vacuole

Answer 9

“warehouse,” stores food, water, waste; larger in plant cells

Question 10

Lysosome

Answer 10

An organelle containing digestive enzymes. Helps with the breakdown of many different substances. Recycles and trashes old worn out parts etc

Waste disposal

Question 11

Ribosome

Answer 11

Makes/synthisysing protiens

Question 12

Golgi body

Answer 12

Membrane-bound structure with a single membrane. It packages proteins for transport in the cell. Post office or Fed ex!

Question 13

Cytoskeleton

Answer 13

A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement

Question 14

Cell Wall

Answer 14

Gives support and protection to cell; made of cellulose in plants.

Question 15

Cell Membrane

Answer 15

“Border control”, controls what comes in and out of the cell; maintains homeostasis; all cell types

Question 16

Chloroplasts

Answer 16

Where photosynthesis occurs; in plant cells only

Question 17

Cytoplasm

Answer 17

Jelly-like substance the cell organelles float in

Question 18

Nucleolus

Answer 18

A ribosome making organelle, found in the nucleus.

Question 19

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 19

Continuation of the outer nuclear membrane, responsible for production of hormones and other secretory products. Considered a highway for the cell.

Question 20

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 20

Ribosomes are attached to the surface of this endoplasmic reticulum. It is responsible for sending proteins to the Golgi body.

Question 21

What is interphase

Answer 21

First stage
Baiscly when the cell is normal

Question 22

What is mitosis

Answer 22

Second stage

4 stages

Prophase:Chromosomes condense
Metaphase: Chromosomes line up in the middle
Anaphase: Spindle fibres pull them to diffrent sides
Telophase: Cell streches and has 2 nueclei

Question 23

What is cytokinesis

Answer 23

Final stage Cell is connected in the middle about to split has somehting where it is gonna split is called cleavage furrow

Question 24

What is a zygote

Answer 24

When an egg and sperm cell come together during fertilization, they create a single cell that contains enough DNA for a multicellular specimen to survive whcih is called a zygote

Question 25

How do zygotes develop

Answer 25

The zygote cell will grow and develop through the stages of he cell cycle, eventually creating a ball of duplicated cells called a blastocyst
Note: all of the cells in the blastula mitosis and therefore have the exact same DNA.

This is called a blastocyst

Question 26

What are blastocysts and how do they develop

Answer 26

The zygote cell will grow and develop through the stages of he cell cycle, eventually creating a ball of duplicated cells called a blastocyst
Note: all of the cells in the blastula mitosis and therefore have the exact same DNA.

This is called a blastocyst

Over time the cells within the blastocyst will start to differentiate because their environmental conditions will differ.

Question 27

Cell differentiation vs Cell specialization

Answer 27

Cell Differentiation:
When cells become physically different from one another
E.g. sperm cells have a flagella to help them move and lots of mitochondria for energy. APERANCE
CHANGES

Cell Specialization:
When cells carry out specific functions
E.g. the sperm cell has the ability to move using the flagella in order to fertilize the egg cell. HOW THEY USE THE APERANCE CHANGE

Question 28

What are the Types of specialized and differentation cells

Answer 28

Red blood cell
Differentiation:
Contains protein and has a bowl shape which enables a higher surface area
Specialization:
Carries oxygen through the blood by allowing oxygen to bind to the hemoglobin

Muscle Cell
Differentiation:
Contain a lot of mitochondria which produces a lot of energy
Specialization:
Contract in order to pull and release bones for movement

Nerve Cells
Differentiation:
Contain a high concentration of salt which allows electrical charges to travel along them
long and thin so span long distances
Specialization:
Conduct electrical impulses for communication

Question 29

What are stem cells

Answer 29

Cells that are not specialized and can become specialized for a particular need

Question 30

What are the 3 types of stem cells

Answer 30

Embryonic stem cells:
Found within inner cells of a blastocyst during embryo development before cells specialize required embryos to be destroyed.

Adult stem cells:
Undifferentiated body cells found throughout the human body
Are used in the human body for growth and to regenerate cells that are damaged

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells :
Adult body cells that are reprogramed for a different purpose.
New process may cause cancer

Question 31

Centrioles

Answer 31

Two barrel or rod shaped organelles that make microtubules or the spindle for cell division.

Question 32

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 32

Cells with a nucleus and complex organelles