Plant Reproduction Flashcards
State the function of the Anther
Is to contain pollen grains
Name the function of the Filament
Part that is connected to the anther ( To extend anther outside of the flower/keep anther within the flower )
State the function of the Pollen Grain
Is to contain male reproductive cells
What does the Anther represent?
It represents the Testes.
What does the pollen grain represent?
It represents the Penis.
State the function of the stigma
It is a sticky surface to trap pollen grains.
State the function of the Style
It is a part connected to the stigma allowing the stigma to be outside or within the flower. ( Usually longer than the filament. )
State the definition of pollination
It is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma
State two modes of pollination
Animal pollination ( Usually insects, some are by birds ) > AKA pollinators & Wind pollination
State the characteristics of flower for animal pollination.
Sweet smelling, brightly coloured petals, large petals, contains/has nectar (food source for pollinators), stigma and anther will be enclosed within the flower.
State the characteristics of flowers pollinated by wind.
Dull coloured petals, small petals, large feathery/hairy stigma (to increase the chance of trapping pollen grains), anthers will be hanging outside the flower to increase the chance if pollen grains being carried away by the wind.
What does the ovule become after fertilisation?
It becomes the seed.
What does the ovary become after fertilisation?
It becomes the fruit.
List all 4 ways of seed dispersal.
Animal dispersal, wind dispersal, water action and splitting/explosive action.
Explain why it benefits the young plants when the fruits are dispersed far away from the parent plant.
To reduce competition between (parent plant and young plant) or (young plants) for space, light, water and nutrients.
List all 3 features of fruit for feeding (animal)
Juicy, edible and brightly coloured.
Explain how animals disperse seed if the seed is edible.
Animal will eat the fruit including the seed, move further away from the parent plant and disperse the seed through its droppings.
Explain how the animal disperse the seed if the seed is non-edible.
Animal will carry the fruit and seed further away from the parent plant, eat the fruit and throw the seed away.
Explain how the non feeding animal disperse the seed.
The hook like structure/stiff hairs of the fruit will cling onto the hair of the animal, as the animal moves further away from the parent plant, the fruit will drop off the hair.
State the features of the fruit for non feeding (animals)
Has hook like structure/has stiff hairs
Where are the young plants found for water dispersal?
The young plants are found along the water feature, further away from the parent plant following the direction of water flow.
State the 3 features that allow the fruit to float on water.
It has fibrous husk that traps hair ; Spaces within the fruit that contains air ; Has a waterproof outer covering.
Where are the young plants dispersed by seed found at?
It is found near or around the parent plant.
What are the features of splitting?
Splits open with a sudden force scattering the seeds in all directions ; seeds are light/dry.
Where are the young plants found for wind dispersal?
The young plants are usually away from the parent plant in the same direction as the wind.
State the characteristics of fruit dispersed by wind and how it helps it.
The fruit is [light/dry] / [Small] / [Has wing-like/parachute-like] structure which allows the fruit to [stay afloat in the air for a longer period of time] and [travel longer distances away from the parent plant].
State the definition of germination.
Germination is a process where a seed develops into a young plant..
List down the sequence in germination.
Step 1 : Roots appear
Step 2 : Shoots appear
Step 3 : Leaves appear < young plant is able to photosynthesis and produce sugars as food.
List down the 2 parts of a seed and it’s definition.
Seed coat > Acts as an outer covering for the seed
Seed leaves/leaf > Provides food to the developing seedling.
