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Biology Y9 > Plant reproduction > Flashcards

Plant reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two main types of flowers

A

Insect-pollinated flowers and wind-pollinated flowers

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2
Q

Name all organs “structures” the insect-pollinated plants contain

A

petal, anther, filament, stigma, style, ovary, ovule, nectary, sepal, stalk

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3
Q

Name all organs “structures” the wind-pollinated plant contain

A

petal, style, stigma, ovary with ovules, filament, anther, stalk

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4
Q

What is the function of the petal

A

forms a ring called the corolla

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5
Q

What is the function of the anther

A

produces pollen grains containing male gametes

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6
Q

What is the function of the filament

A

hold the anther

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7
Q

What is the function of the stigma

A

collects the pollen grain

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8
Q

What is the function of the style

A

hold the stigma

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9
Q

What is the function of the ovary

A

produces ovules

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10
Q

What is the function of the ovules

A

contain the female gametes

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11
Q

What is the function of the nectary

A

produces nectar, sugary liquid

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12
Q

What is the function of the sepal

A

protects bud, forms ring called the calyx

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13
Q

What is the function of the stalk

A

supports the flower

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14
Q

What are the uses of the organ structures in the insect-pollinated flowers

A

Petals- large, brightly colored scented to attract insects
Anther and filaments- short filament holding the anthers inside the flower so insect brushes against them
Pollen grains- small amounts of large, sticky and spiky grains to attach to hair on insect’s body
Stigma- flat or lobe-shaped inside the flower so that insects can land easily
Nectary- insects feed on the nectar

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15
Q

What are the uses of the organ structures in the wind-pollinated flowers

A

Petals- small, green or dull, no scent
Anther and filaments- long filaments hanging out of flower for the anther to be exposed to the wind
Pollen grains- light, smooth grains easily carried by the wind and come in large quantities
Stigma- long, feathery hanging out of flower, has larger surface to catch pollen being blown past
Nectary- They don’t have

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16
Q

What is pollination

A

Pollination is when the anther splits open releasing pollen grains that are transferred from the anther to the stigma

17
Q

What is self-pollination

A

When pollen goes from an anther to a stigma of the same flower or other flowers of the same plant

18
Q

What is cross-pollination

A

When pollen goes from an anther to the stigma of a flower on another plant of the same species

19
Q

How do they avoid self pollination

A

Releasing pollen from the anthers before the stigma of the same plant is ready to receive or the stigma of a plant is ready to receive pollen from other plants before it’s own anthers are ready to release their pollen

20
Q

What is fertilisation

A

When the male gamete fuses with the female gamete

21
Q

How does fertilisation occur

A

The pollen grain that landed on the stigma breaks open and grows down a pollen tube through the style into the ovary. The male gamete travels through the tube and then fertilisation occurs

22
Q

What happens after fertilisation

A

Fusing produces a zygote that divides many time to produce an embryo

23
Q

What happens to the ovule after fertilisation

A

Structures that will become the root and stem form, a food store is laid down and an outer coat forms. After these stages the ovule has become a seed.

24
Q

What happens to the stamens, petals and sepals after fertilisation

A

they fall off

25
Q

What happens to the stamens,stigma and style after fertilisation

A

they wither away

26
Q

What happens to the ovary

A

it becomes the fruit

27
Q

What are some methods of dispersal

A

-seed blown away by the wind
fruits stick to the fur of the animals and drop in a new place
-fruits eaten by animals and then the seed left in another place in the animals faeces

28
Q

Why does seed dispersal happen

A

It happens to avoid overcrowding and competition for resources such as light, water and minerals

29
Q

What is a disadvantage of seed dispersal

A

seeds may land in an unsuitable place where the can not grow

30
Q

What is the germination

A

the seed coat opens and the primary root and shoot grows

31
Q

3 factors that are needed in germination are:

A

suitable temperature, oxygen and water

32
Q

Which parts form the male part of the flower

A

the anther and the filament

33
Q

What is the name of the male part of the flower

A

the stamen

34
Q

Which parts for the female part of a flower

A

stigma,style and ovary

35
Q

What is the name of the female part of the flower

A

the carpel

36
Q

What is nectar

A

a sugary liquid in which insects feed on

37
Q

Where is the nectary found

A

on the base of the petals

Biology Y9 (8 decks)

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