Plant reproduction Flashcards
What are the two main types of flowers
Insect-pollinated flowers and wind-pollinated flowers
Name all organs “structures” the insect-pollinated plants contain
petal, anther, filament, stigma, style, ovary, ovule, nectary, sepal, stalk
Name all organs “structures” the wind-pollinated plant contain
petal, style, stigma, ovary with ovules, filament, anther, stalk
What is the function of the petal
forms a ring called the corolla
What is the function of the anther
produces pollen grains containing male gametes
What is the function of the filament
hold the anther
What is the function of the stigma
collects the pollen grain
What is the function of the style
hold the stigma
What is the function of the ovary
produces ovules
What is the function of the ovules
contain the female gametes
What is the function of the nectary
produces nectar, sugary liquid
What is the function of the sepal
protects bud, forms ring called the calyx
What is the function of the stalk
supports the flower
What are the uses of the organ structures in the insect-pollinated flowers
Petals- large, brightly colored scented to attract insects
Anther and filaments- short filament holding the anthers inside the flower so insect brushes against them
Pollen grains- small amounts of large, sticky and spiky grains to attach to hair on insect’s body
Stigma- flat or lobe-shaped inside the flower so that insects can land easily
Nectary- insects feed on the nectar
What are the uses of the organ structures in the wind-pollinated flowers
Petals- small, green or dull, no scent
Anther and filaments- long filaments hanging out of flower for the anther to be exposed to the wind
Pollen grains- light, smooth grains easily carried by the wind and come in large quantities
Stigma- long, feathery hanging out of flower, has larger surface to catch pollen being blown past
Nectary- They don’t have
What is pollination
Pollination is when the anther splits open releasing pollen grains that are transferred from the anther to the stigma
What is self-pollination
When pollen goes from an anther to a stigma of the same flower or other flowers of the same plant
What is cross-pollination
When pollen goes from an anther to the stigma of a flower on another plant of the same species
How do they avoid self pollination
Releasing pollen from the anthers before the stigma of the same plant is ready to receive or the stigma of a plant is ready to receive pollen from other plants before it’s own anthers are ready to release their pollen
What is fertilisation
When the male gamete fuses with the female gamete
How does fertilisation occur
The pollen grain that landed on the stigma breaks open and grows down a pollen tube through the style into the ovary. The male gamete travels through the tube and then fertilisation occurs
What happens after fertilisation
Fusing produces a zygote that divides many time to produce an embryo
What happens to the ovule after fertilisation
Structures that will become the root and stem form, a food store is laid down and an outer coat forms. After these stages the ovule has become a seed.
What happens to the stamens, petals and sepals after fertilisation
they fall off
What happens to the stamens,stigma and style after fertilisation
they wither away
What happens to the ovary
it becomes the fruit
What are some methods of dispersal
-seed blown away by the wind
fruits stick to the fur of the animals and drop in a new place
-fruits eaten by animals and then the seed left in another place in the animals faeces
Why does seed dispersal happen
It happens to avoid overcrowding and competition for resources such as light, water and minerals
What is a disadvantage of seed dispersal
seeds may land in an unsuitable place where the can not grow
What is the germination
the seed coat opens and the primary root and shoot grows
3 factors that are needed in germination are:
suitable temperature, oxygen and water
Which parts form the male part of the flower
the anther and the filament
What is the name of the male part of the flower
the stamen
Which parts for the female part of a flower
stigma,style and ovary
What is the name of the female part of the flower
the carpel
What is nectar
a sugary liquid in which insects feed on
Where is the nectary found
on the base of the petals
