Nutrition and Digestive system

Question 1

What are the main nutrients in the body

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, Protein, Fats, Minerals, Vitamins, Fibre and Water

Question 2

What are Carbohydrates

Answer 2

These are like fuels for the body. They are used to provide the body with energy.

Question 3

What are Proteins

Answer 3

Proteins are used for growth and repair of damaged cells. Enzymes are also proteins.

Question 4

What are Fats

Answer 4

long term energy supply. Fats are used as a store of energy for when the body runs out of
carbohydrates. Also important for insulation, organ protection, cell membranes and sex hormone
production.

Question 5

What are Minerals

Answer 5

For general health. Eg Iron for blood cells, calcium for bones and teeth, sodium for
nerves and iodine for the thyroid gland.

Question 6

What are Vitamins

Answer 6

Vitamins are needed in very small amounts. They help keep many vital processes
happening. Eg vitamin C for the immune system

Question 7

What is Fibre

Answer 7

Sometimes called roughage. Fibre provides bulk and gives the digestive system an internal
work out.

Question 8

What are the functions of water

Answer 8

75 % of the body is water. All chemical reactions in the body take place in water.

Question 9

What are foods that provide proteins

Answer 9

Meat, fish, eggs, dairy

Question 10

What are foods that provide Carbohydrates

Answer 10

bread, Pasta, rice, potatoes

Question 11

What are foods that provide Fats

Answer 11

Butter, olive oil, dairy, whole eggs

Question 12

What are foods that provide Vitamins and Minerals

Answer 12

Fresh fruits, vegetables, milk, yoghurt

Question 13

What are foods that contain Water

Answer 13

Milk, soft drinks, beer, coffee, tea

Question 14

Why is obesity bad for your health

Answer 14

Obesity makes bodily movement difficult and

puts a strain on our heart. Fat can block blood vessels and cause a heart attack.

Question 15

Why is being underweight unhealthy?

Answer 15

people often lack vitamins and minerals as well as energy

food

Question 16

To what is Carbohydrate broken down to and by what and where?

Answer 16

It is broken down to glucose by Salivary amylase and carbohydrase enzymes in the mouth and small intestine.

Question 17

To what is Protein broken down to and by what and where?

Answer 17

It is broken down to Amino acids by Pepsin and other protease enzymes in the stomach and small intestine

Question 18

To what is Fat broken down to and by what and where?

Answer 18

It is broken down to fatty acids and glycerol by lipase enzymes and bile in the small intestine.

Question 19

What are the organs of the digestive system

Answer 19

Liver, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, mouth, the salivary glands, oesophagus, gall bladder, pancreas

Question 20

What is the function of the mouth

Answer 20

Here the food is chewed and moistened with saliva. The food is shaped into a small ball before swallowed.

Question 21

What is the function of the large intestine

Answer 21

This is a wide tube that the undigested food passes through. Water is absorbed from this back into the body

Question 22

What is the function of the small intestine

Answer 22

This is a very long tube that the food passes into after it leaves the stomach. Here the food is completely digested and then is it absorbed through the walls and into the blood stream.

Question 23

What is the function of the stomach

Answer 23

This is a bag that churns up the food. It contains gastric juice and hydrochloric acid. Gastric juice contains an enzyme that digests protein. The acid kills germs.

Question 24

What is the function of the liver

Answer 24

The liver regulates most chemical levels in the blood and excretes a product called bile. This helps carry away waste products from the liver. All the blood leaving the stomach and intestines passes through the liver.

Question 25

What is the function of the pancreas

Answer 25

. During digestion, your pancreas makes pancreatic juices called enzymes. These enzymes break down sugars, fats, and starches. Your pancreas also helps your digestive system by making hormones.

Question 26

What is the function of the Salivary glands

Answer 26

After you take your first bite of pie, your salivary glands produce saliva — a mixture of secretions that help lubricate and break down food.

Question 27

What is the function of the oesophugus

Answer 27

Transport of materials to the stomach

Question 28

What is the function of the Pharynx

Answer 28

Pharyngeal muscles propel materials into the oesophugus

Question 29

What is the unction of the appendix

Answer 29

This organ has no function in humans but it helps with the digestion of plant material in herbivores such as sheep. It sometimes becomes infected in humans and then it must be removed.