Plant Proteins and Meat Substitutes Flashcards
What are some characteristics associated with a vegetarian/vegan diet? Lower rates of …?
Obesity, heart disease , high blood pressure, high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes
Type of vegetarian that consumes milk products
lacto-vegetarian
Type of vegetarian that consumes milk products and eggs
lacto-ovo-vegetarian
Type of vegetarian that consumes fish and seafood
pesco-vegetarian
Type of vegetarian that consumes only fruits, seeds and nuts
fruitarian
What are some religions linked with vegetarianism
Buddhism, Hinduism, Seventh-Day Adventist Church, Mormon
What are 6 micronutrients vegetarians (and vegans) need to watch for?
Fe, Zn, Ca, Vit D, Vit B12, Omega-3
Why are soybeans and peanuts separated from pulses and fresh beans/peas under the Legumes family?
Because of their nutrient profile: they have a much higher fat content
What type of Iron is found in legumes? What should be eaten with these foods?
non-heme iron; should be eaten with acidic food
What compound is found in soybeans that could have anticarcinogenic properties?
Isoflavones (class of phytoestrogens)
What are FODMAPS and what do they cause?
Fermentable oligosaccharides di-mono-sacc and polyols that can cause flatulence
What is flatulence?
Gas produced by the fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates by intestinal bacteria
What amino acids are Legumes, Nuts, Grains and Seeds lacking of?
L: METal TRYp
N: LYSandre METal TRYp
G: LYSandre TRYp THill nine (threonine)
S: LYS METal
What are two methods used to soak legumes?
Overnight (long) soak and short soak
Why is the cooking time of legumes extended in an acidic environment and reduced in a basic environment?
The acid inhibits the softening of the pectic compounds
The base increases rehydration
What toxic substances are eliminated when legumes are cooked?
trypsin/protease inhibitors that reduce protein content
hemagglutinins inhibits nutrient absorption
What happens to the starches when legumes/ whole grains are sprouted
amylase break them down into more digestible sugars
What is the difference between meat analogs and meat extenders
Meat analogs are imitations of meat products whereas meat extenders are used with meat
What are meat analogs usually high/low in compared to meat?
High in sodium, fibre; low in fat
What is precipitated when making tofu and how?
The protein are precipitated with the use of coagulants
Why should home made soy beverage be boiled (2)?
Denatures a lipoxygenase enzyme responsible for a bitter taste; will destroy the trypsin inhibitor
What is soy sauce?
A fermented soybean wheat salt paste inoculated with bacteria and mold
What is a gluten-free soy sauce alternative?
Tamari sauce
