Plant pigments

Question 1

Melanins

Answer 1

brown color formed from the polymerization of phenolic compounds by PPO and Cu2+

Question 2

Quinones

Answer 2

H2O soluable
- yellow to blank
- emodin and spinulosin
-

Question 3

tannins

Answer 3

varying degrees of solubility
colourless to yellow to brown
gallic and ellagic acid
- astringency
- growing reactions

Question 4

betalaines

Answer 4

glycosides
red or yellow
water soluble

Question 5

red pigment in betalaines

Answer 5

betacyanins

Question 6

yellow pigment in betalains

Answer 6

betaxanthins

Question 7

structural base unit in carotenoids

Answer 7

isoprene

Question 8

structural unit in flavinoids

Answer 8

anthoxanthin (ketone group)

Question 9

structural unit in anthocyanins

Answer 9

flavilium ion (hydroxy groups)

Question 10

Xanthones

Answer 10

resemblance simular to flavonoids and quinones
h2O soluble
yellow in color
-eg. mangiferin

Question 11

flavonoids

Answer 11

h2O soluble
anthoxanthin basic unit (flavonoids are glycosides with a benzopyrene nucleus)
antioxidant
- ketone group has ability to act as a chelating agent
-pro vitamin C activity