Plant Nutriton And Transport

Question 1

describe two ways in which a plant is adapted for photosynthesis

Answer 1

Most chloroplasts are found in the palisade layer. This is near the top so they can get the most light.
The waxy cuticle helps reduce water loss by evaporation

Question 2

Name the three main mineral ion plants need for a healthy growth

Answer 2

Nitrates- for making amino acids which are needed for cell growth

Phosphates- for making DNA and cell membranes which are needed for respiration and growth

Potassium- to help enzymes which are needed for photosynthesis and respiration

( Mg also need in small amounts to make chlorophyll)

Question 3

Explain why plants and animals need transport systems to move substances around the body but unicellular organisms don’t

Answer 3

In unicellular organisms substances (waters minerals and ions) can diffuse directly in and out of the cell across it. The diffusion rate is quick because it has short distances to travel

In multicellular organisms direct diffusion from the outer surface would be too slow as substances have to travel large distances to reach every single cell

Question 4

Explain the function of the xylem vessels in plants

Answer 4

Xylem tubes transport water and minerals:

The xylem carry water and mineral salts from the roots up the shoot to the leaves in the transpiration stream

Question 5

Explain the function of the phloem tubes

Answer 5

Phloem tubes transport food:

1) the phloem transport sugars, like sucrose, and amino acids from where they’re made in the leaves to other parts of the plant
2) this movement of food substances around the plant is known as translocation

Question 6

How does water get into the plant the plant through root hair cells

Answer 6

1) the cells in plant roots grow into long ‘hairs’ which stick out into the soil
2) each branch of a root will be covered in millions of these microscopic hairs
3) this gives the plant a big surface area for absorbing water from the soil
4) water is taken in by osmosis as there is usually higher conc of water in soil than in the plant

Question 7

Define transpiration

Answer 7

Transpiration is the loss of water from the plant through diffusion and evaporation of water from the plants surface

Question 8

How is transpiration rate affected by increased temperature, increased humidity?

Answer 8

1) the warmer it is, the faster transpiration happens. When it’s warm particles have more energy to evaporate and diffuse out of the stomata
1) the drier the air around the leaf the faster transpiration happens. If the air is humid there’s a lot of water in it already so there’s no much difference between the inside and outside of the lead. Diffusion happens fastest if there’s a high conc in one place and low in another

Question 9

Write the word and balanced equation for photosynthesis

Answer 9

Carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen

6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O2 + 6O2

Sunlight and chlorophyll on the arrow