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RHS level 2 > Plant Nutrition > Flashcards

Plant Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

Name a range of nutrients required for plant growth

A 
Magnesium 
Nitrogen 
Calcium 
Potassium
Phosphorus 
Iron
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2
Q

Role of Magnesium and signs of deficiency

A

Required for photosynthesis - a constituent of chlorophyll

Intervein chlorosis on older leaves first
Leaf tips curl upwards
Early leaf fall

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3
Q

Role of nitrogen and signs of deficiency

A 
Leafy growth 
Constituent of chlorophyll proteins and nucleic acid 
Slow spindly growth 
Chlorosis - general yellowing 
Small flowers and fruit
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4
Q

Role of Calcium and signs of deficiency

A

Required for activity in meristems
Constituent of cell walls
Symptoms - weakened cell walls mean inward curling in young pale leaves
Tissues die
E.g. Blossom end rot in tomatoes and bitter pit in apples

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5
Q

Role of Phosphorus and signs of deficiency

A 
Essential in seeds for germination
Essential at seedling stage for root growth 
Symptoms 
Poor root growth so all growth retarded 
Bluefish colouring to stem and leaves
Delayed and small fruit growth
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6
Q

Role of Potassium and signs of deficiency

A

Essential for good flower and fruit growth
Increases hardiness
Increases scent
Symptoms
Poor quality fruit and seeds
Leaf scorch
Leaves bronze and curl inwards and downwards

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7
Q

Role of Iron and signs of deficiency

A

Involved with chlorophyll production
Symptoms
Yellowing of leaves -younger ones first
Failure to flower and fruit.

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8
Q

Describe pH scale

A

7 is neutral
Below 7 is acidic
Above 7 alkaline

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9
Q

What is pH of garden soils?

A

4-8

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10
Q

Which pH is best in U.K.

A

6.5

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11
Q

What is the standard way to raise pH?

A

Adding lime
To surface of the soil in the form of calcium carbonate (ground limestone) in autumn
Do not manure at same time

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12
Q

What are the effects of pH on soil structure?

A

Lime causes flocculation (grouping together of clay particles) thus improving structure - crumb formation
Encourages worm and bacteria population

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13
Q

What is flocculation?

A

Grouping together of individual clay particles making soil less dense

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14
Q

Materials used to influence soil pH?

A

Sulphur - lowers
Lime - raises
Organic materials

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15
Q

Advantages of liming

A

Raises pH
Provides calcium
Encourages worm population
Discourages some diseases such as clubroot in brassicas
Makes clay soils workable by flocculation
Can make other nutrients available

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16
Q

Name 3 plants that prefer acid soils (calcifuges)

A

Rhododendron
Camelia japonica
Pieris japonica

17
Q

Name 3 plants for neutral soils

A

Malus
Cucumbers
Carrots

18
Q

3 plants for alkaline soils (calcicoles)

A

Clematis montana
Agapanthus africanus
Fagus sylvatica

19
Q

What is meant by fertiliser?

A

Concentrated source of nutrients added to growing media

20
Q

Which nutrient is most likely leached form soil and therefore needed to be replace

A

Nitrogen

21
Q

Characteristics of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients

A 
Organic matter (compost or fertiliser) was once living. 
Inorganic are manufactured or derived from minerals
22
Q

What is meant by soluble fertiliser and give example

A

Dissolve immediately with water

Ammonium sulphate

23
Q

What is meant by slow release fertiliser and give example

A

Don’t dissolve immediately with water but provide nutrients in soluble form over a long period of time.
Bone meal

24
Q

What is meant by straight fertilisers and give example

A 
Supply one major nutrient 
Ammonium sulphate (N)
25
Q

What is meant by compound fertiliser and give example

A

Supply 2 or more nutrients

Growmore 7:7:7 NPK

26
Q

What is meant by controlled release fertiliser and give example

A

Fertilisers held within a permeable resin coating so they release at the right time for plant.
Osmocote

27
Q

What is meant by base dressing and when would you apply it?

A

Fertiliser incorporated into soil. Domestic Gardens dug in before sowing/planting

28
Q

What is meant by top dressing and when would you apply it?

A

Added to surface of soil

When nutrients are needed after plants are established e.g lawns in autumn

29
Q

What is meant by liquid feed and when would you apply it?

A

Fertilisers dissolved and watered onto soils

Hanging baskets pot plants

30
Q

What is meant by Foliar feed and when would you apply it?

A

Liquid feed diluted sufficiently so can be watered onto leaves without damaging/scorching
Immediate uptake
Routine
First thing in morning

31
Q

Comparison of organic matter to fertilisers

A

OM bulky F concentrated
OM low nutrient content F high
OM imprecise control F precise control
OM slow effect F quick effect except slow release
OM effective over long period F effect may be quickly lost
OM improves soil structure F no impact on soil structure
OM will contain pests and diseases F no pests and diseases

32
Q

Describe construction of a compost heap

A

accessibility of the site, positioned in a sheltered area away from wind, orientated away from heat e.g. south and west.
ii) mixture of soft green and brown (woody) material, ratio of 30:1 brown (woody) : green material, avoid perennial weeds/seeds /diseased/cooked material, material to be shredded to increase surface area, suitable materials include vegetable peelings, shredded prunings, herbaceous material etc.
iii) to be constructed on bare soil, wooden sides, cover to keep excessive rain off, compost heap to be minimum size of 1m3, material to be layered inside the compost heap.
iv) Important to ensure that the compost heap does not dry out, water when required, turn the compost heap regularly by turning the outer edges into the centre to ensure that all the material can become hot

33
Q

Name 2 organic fertilisers

A

Fish blood and bone

Bonemeal

34
Q

Name 2 inorganic fertilisers

A

Growmore

Ammonium sulphate

35
Q

What is meant by the term pH

A

Expresses the amount of acidity or alkalinity in the soil in terms of hydrogen ions concentration. The more hydrogen ions the more

RHS level 2 (30 decks)

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