Plant - Microbial Interactions

Question 1

different types of plant microbe relationships

Answer 1

mutualisms
commensal
pathogenic
indirect

Question 2

phyllosphere

Answer 2

aboveground portion of plant that serve as habitat for microbes

Question 3

parts of the phyllosphere

Answer 3

leaves, flower, stem (seed ONLY IF IT IS ATTACHED)

Question 4

phyllosphere functions

Answer 4

nitrogen fixation
carbon sequestration
biological control
immune priming
stress tolerance
growth promotion

Question 5

rhizosphere

Answer 5

the region of soil directly adjacent to the root that is affected by plant exudates

Question 6

organisms found in rhizosphere

Answer 6

pathogens
parasities
mycorrhizal fungi
nitrogen fixing bacteria
plant growth promoting bacteria

Question 7

conspecific negative density dependance (CNDD)

Answer 7

incidence of disease increases with density, reducing seedling survivorship

Question 8

Janzen-Connel hypothesis

Answer 8

plant diversity is maintained by CNDD acting on most abundant populations

Question 9

Why is CNDD important for forest systems

Answer 9

species that are not as density independent will be more abundant
stronger densities get more species

Question 10

endophytes

Answer 10

fungi within leaf and stem tissue and can produce defensive compounds against herbivory

Question 11

mycorrhizas

Answer 11

symbiotic relationships between plants and certain fungi occuring within the roots

Question 12

ectomycorrhizae

Answer 12

symbiotic fungi that encases the root with mantle

Question 13

arbuscular mycorrhizae

Answer 13

most common form of mycorrhizae that extend reach of roots

Question 14

fungi are rarely ______ limited but often _________limited

Answer 14

nutrient, carbon

Question 15

why are fungal hyphae more effecient in nutrient foraging than roots?

Answer 15

can get in smaller soil pores
can proliferate nutrient patches
less energy to produce hyphae than roots

Question 16

mutalism-paratism continuum hypothesis

Answer 16

when nutrients are abundant, plant dont needas much help, which results in parasitism of plant by mycorrhizal fungi

Question 17

common mycorrhizal network

Answer 17

a given mycorrhizal fungus is associated with more than one plant

Question 18

positive plant-soil feedback

Answer 18

adult plant has positive effect on soil, which helps out seedlings

Question 19

negative plant-soil feedback

Answer 19

more common than positive. Tend to accumulate pathogens in soil, which tend to have detrimental effects on seedling growth

Question 20

Negative plant-soil feedback _______ diversity

Answer 20

increases

Question 21

positive plant-soil feedbacks ________ diversity

Answer 21

reduce (increases competitive pressure because seedlings do very well)

Question 22

arbuscular effects on roots

Answer 22

extends length of root, but it doesn’t protect it

Question 23

ectomycorrhiza effects on roots

Answer 23

covers root and protects it, but has less reach