Plant Maintenance- review Flashcards
The Leaf
- organ of a plant
- main site of photosynthesis
- contains most of the chloroplasts and chlorophyll in the plant
- have different pigments based on the wavelength of light they absorb
chlorophyll- green
xanthophyll- yellow (acessory pigment)
carotene- orange (acessory pigment)
Light energy is made up of…
photons- in many atomic models is physics which are particles which transmit light. light is carried overspace by photons
electromagnetic waves- any type of wave is a traveling disturbance that carries energy from one point to another.
opening & closing of the stomate
1st regulation- photosynthesis
1. photosynthesis produces H+ ions
lower epidermis guard cells have chloroplasts
⬆️[H+] in guard cells
H+ ions flow from high to low out of the guard cells
2. loss of H+ ions in guard cells allow K+ ions to flow in
[h2o] in the guard cell decreases
water flows into the guard cell opening the stomate
^positive feedback mechanism
Auxins
stimulate mitosis (growth) in plant cells
gibberellins
stimulate the growth and development of fruit/ makes fruit larger
cytokinins
stimulate the germination of seeds
stimultes the budding of leaves
ethylene
gas
produced by the fruit to ripen fruit
tropism
when plants respond to the external stimuli due to the action of hormones (auxins)
caused by an unequal distribution of auxins
geotropism/ gravitropism
response to gravity
hydrotropism
response to water
phototropism
response to light
thigmotropism
response to touch
Herbaceous stems
(non woody)
2 types {monocot + dicot}
differ by the arrangement of vascular bundles
mocot
- random arrangement of bundles
- ALWAYS parallel
- ALWAYS have fibrous roots
Ex.
>corn shuck
>celery
>grass
dicot
- bundles arranged in an organized manner
- can have any type of roots
evolution of plants
unicellular green algae /\ multicellular, bryophytes vs. tracheophytes /\ flowering plants
general characteristics
\multicellular/ eukaryotic
\cell wall made of cellulose
\ autotrophs/ producers
what they need to survive
}sunlight }water }minerals }gas exchange }movement of water and nutrients
structure of a leaf
cuticle- waxy transparent layer used for protection upper epidermis- protection palisades layer/ chloroplasts- photosynthesis spongy mesophyll- gas exchange phloem- transports c6h12o6 (glucose) xylem- transports water guard cells- open and close the stomate stomate- gas exchange lower epidermis- protection
structure of stems
xylem
phloem
function of stems
\transport
\support
\gas exchange
\food storage
types of stems
herbaceous [monocot vs. dicot]
woody [cork, cortex, phloem, cambium, xylem, pith]
tree rings
~tree age
~climate
~fires
structure of a root
root hairs- maximize surface area for absorption
epidermis-
cortex-
endodermis-
vascular bundle/ conducting tissues- xylem and phloem
functions of the root
\\water absorption \\food storage \\anchorage \\transport \\root pressure
root pressure
active transport of minerals in water diffuses in by osmosis. it becomes trapped in by the casparian strip in the endodermis
3 processes involved in watertransport through xylem from roots➡️ stem ➡️ leaf out tothe air
root pressure
capillary action {adhesion and cohesion}
transpiration- evaporation from wter to leaf and transpirational pull/ cohesion
