Plant Maintenance- review

Question 0

The Leaf

Answer 0

• organ of a plant
• main site of photosynthesis
• contains most of the chloroplasts and chlorophyll in the plant
• have different pigments based on the wavelength of light they absorb

chlorophyll- green
xanthophyll- yellow (acessory pigment)
carotene- orange (acessory pigment)

Question 1

Light energy is made up of…

Answer 1

photons- in many atomic models is physics which are particles which transmit light. light is carried overspace by photons

electromagnetic waves- any type of wave is a traveling disturbance that carries energy from one point to another.

Question 2

opening & closing of the stomate

Answer 2

1st regulation- photosynthesis
1. photosynthesis produces H+ ions
lower epidermis guard cells have chloroplasts
⬆️[H+] in guard cells
H+ ions flow from high to low out of the guard cells
2. loss of H+ ions in guard cells allow K+ ions to flow in
[h2o] in the guard cell decreases
water flows into the guard cell opening the stomate

^positive feedback mechanism

Question 3

Auxins

Answer 3

stimulate mitosis (growth) in plant cells

Question 4

gibberellins

Answer 4

stimulate the growth and development of fruit/ makes fruit larger

Question 5

cytokinins

Answer 5

stimulate the germination of seeds

stimultes the budding of leaves

Question 6

ethylene

Answer 6

gas

produced by the fruit to ripen fruit

Question 7

tropism

Answer 7

when plants respond to the external stimuli due to the action of hormones (auxins)
caused by an unequal distribution of auxins

Question 8

geotropism/ gravitropism

Answer 8

response to gravity

Question 9

hydrotropism

Answer 9

response to water

Question 10

phototropism

Answer 10

response to light

Question 11

thigmotropism

Answer 11

response to touch

Question 12

Herbaceous stems

Answer 12

(non woody)
2 types {monocot + dicot}
differ by the arrangement of vascular bundles

Question 13

mocot

Answer 13

• random arrangement of bundles
• ALWAYS parallel
• ALWAYS have fibrous roots
  Ex.
  >corn shuck
  >celery
  >grass

Question 14

dicot

Answer 14

• bundles arranged in an organized manner

- can have any type of roots

Question 15

evolution of plants

Answer 15

unicellular green algae /\ multicellular, bryophytes vs. tracheophytes /\ flowering plants

Question 16

general characteristics

Answer 16

\multicellular/ eukaryotic
\cell wall made of cellulose
\ autotrophs/ producers

Question 17

what they need to survive

Answer 17

}sunlight
}water
}minerals
}gas exchange
}movement of water and nutrients

Question 18

structure of a leaf

Answer 18

cuticle- waxy transparent layer used for protection
upper epidermis- protection
palisades layer/ chloroplasts- photosynthesis
spongy mesophyll- gas exchange
phloem- transports c6h12o6 (glucose)
xylem- transports water
guard cells- open and close the stomate
stomate- gas exchange
lower epidermis- protection

Question 19

structure of stems

Answer 19

xylem

phloem

Question 20

function of stems

Answer 20

\transport
\support
\gas exchange
\food storage

Question 21

types of stems

Answer 21

herbaceous [monocot vs. dicot]

woody [cork, cortex, phloem, cambium, xylem, pith]

Question 22

tree rings

Answer 22

~tree age
~climate
~fires

Question 23

structure of a root

Answer 23

root hairs- maximize surface area for absorption
epidermis-
cortex-
endodermis-
vascular bundle/ conducting tissues- xylem and phloem

Question 24

functions of the root

Answer 24

\\water absorption
\\food storage
\\anchorage
\\transport
\\root pressure

Question 25

root pressure

Answer 25

active transport of minerals in water diffuses in by osmosis. it becomes trapped in by the casparian strip in the endodermis

Question 26

3 processes involved in watertransport through xylem from roots➡️ stem ➡️ leaf out tothe air

Answer 26

root pressure
capillary action {adhesion and cohesion}
transpiration- evaporation from wter to leaf and transpirational pull/ cohesion