Physiology 1&2 Flashcards
What is the function of the teeth?
Cuts tears an crushes food
^mechanical digestion
What is the function of the salivary glands?
- produces saliva which eases the passage of food
- contains amylase which breaks down amylose (starch)
Chemical digestion- amylase breaking down starches
What is the function of the tongue?
Allows you to chew and swallow food
Mechanical digestion- crushing food
What is the function of the mouth?
Contains teeth and salivary glands
Contains amylase which breaks down amylose (starches)
Mechanical digestion- chewing
Chemical digestion- salivary amylase
What is the specific pathway of blood?
Right atrium➡️tricuspid valve➡️right ventricle➡️pulmonary semilunar valve➡️lungs ( gas exchange between capillaries and alveoli)➡️pulmonary vein➡️left atrium➡️bicuspid/ mitral valve➡️left ventricle➡️aortic semilunar valve➡️aorta➡️arteries➡️arterioles➡️capillaries ( exchange of metabolic wastes)➡️venules➡️veins➡️ vena cava➡️right atrium
Even though all 4 chambers of the heart always have blood in them, why does the heart need its own supply of blood via the coronary arteries
Because the entire heart is not supplied with oxygenated blood
AND
Oxygenated blood doesn’t reach all of the heart’s tissue
What is the function of the epiglottis?
•flap of connective tissue that closes over trachea to prevent choking
Esophagus
Carries food to the stomach via peristalsis
Peristalsis- the contracting of throat muscles to carry food to the stomach
What is the function of the stomach?
- stores food
- starts the digestion of proteins
Mechanical digestion- churning and squeezing using ruggae
Chemical digestion- breaking down using hydrochloric acid and pepsin
Ruggae- muscular folds in the lining of the stomach
What is the function of the duodenum?
- emulsifies fat using bile
* finishes digestion
What are the functiona of the small and large intestines
Small Intestine:
Absoption of nutrients
Lined with villi
Villi- tiny fingerlike projections lining the inside of the small intestine that increase the surface area maximizing absorption
Large Intestine:
Absorption of water
Carries waste to rectum
What are the functions of the rectum and anus?
Rectum:
Stores feces before they are excreted
Anus:
Excretes feces
What are the acessory organs and how do they aid in digestion?
Liver:
Produces bile which emulsifies fat in the duodenum
Gall bladder:
Stores bile
Pancreas:
Produces insulin
Produces enzymes that break down carbs proteins lipids and nucleic acids
Produces bicarbonate
Explain blood clotting
- if its internal its a hematoma
- platelets clump at a rupture and release clotting factor
- clotting factor release fibrin which causes red blood cells to stick clotting the rupture
What does it mean for a clot to embolize?
When a clot is a regular clot it is known as a thrombus
If the thrombus breaks off and fills with air it is known as and embolus
Why does the left ventricle have thicker walls then the right ventricle?
Because the left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the body
What is the excretory function of the lungs?
To excrete co2
Why do ventricles have thicker walls then atriums?
Because they pump blood outside the heart
What are the 2 main functions of the kidney
Reabsorption:
•small proteins known as transporters grab molecules of filtrate
•some are active transport others are passive
Filtration:
•20% of blood gets filtered under pressure through the walls of the glomerulus
• filtered through water, sodium potassium and chloride ions, glucose, and small proteins
What is the function of the skin?
Excretes eater salt and small amounts of urea through sweat
What is the excretory function if the liver?
Processes ammonia converting it to urea
What do ureters do?
Carries urine from the kidneys to the urethra/ urinary bladder
What is the function of the bowman’s capsule?
Contains the glomerulus
Site if initial diffusion of water and metabolic waste
What is the function of the urinary bladder?
Holds urine until excreted through the urethra
What does the urethra do?
Excretes water salt urea and heat and ammonia in the form of urine
What does the nephron do?
Filters water salt heat urea and ammonia
What is the function of the glomerulus?
Ball of capillaries inside bowman’s capsule
What is atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is the hardening of artery walls due to deposits of plaque inside the crevices of the artery wall
What is arteriosclerosis
Arterisclerosis is the exposure of the plaque deposits from atherosclerosis in the blood stream
