Physiology 1&2

Question 0

What is the function of the teeth?

Answer 0

Cuts tears an crushes food

^mechanical digestion

Question 1

What is the function of the salivary glands?

Answer 1

• produces saliva which eases the passage of food
• contains amylase which breaks down amylose (starch)

Chemical digestion- amylase breaking down starches

Question 2

What is the function of the tongue?

Answer 2

Allows you to chew and swallow food

Mechanical digestion- crushing food

Question 3

What is the function of the mouth?

Answer 3

Contains teeth and salivary glands
Contains amylase which breaks down amylose (starches)

Mechanical digestion- chewing
Chemical digestion- salivary amylase

Question 4

What is the specific pathway of blood?

Answer 4

Right atrium➡️tricuspid valve➡️right ventricle➡️pulmonary semilunar valve➡️lungs ( gas exchange between capillaries and alveoli)➡️pulmonary vein➡️left atrium➡️bicuspid/ mitral valve➡️left ventricle➡️aortic semilunar valve➡️aorta➡️arteries➡️arterioles➡️capillaries ( exchange of metabolic wastes)➡️venules➡️veins➡️ vena cava➡️right atrium

Question 5

Even though all 4 chambers of the heart always have blood in them, why does the heart need its own supply of blood via the coronary arteries

Answer 5

Because the entire heart is not supplied with oxygenated blood
AND
Oxygenated blood doesn’t reach all of the heart’s tissue

Question 6

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 6

•flap of connective tissue that closes over trachea to prevent choking

Question 7

Esophagus

Answer 7

Carries food to the stomach via peristalsis

Peristalsis- the contracting of throat muscles to carry food to the stomach

Question 8

What is the function of the stomach?

Answer 8

• stores food
• starts the digestion of proteins

Mechanical digestion- churning and squeezing using ruggae
Chemical digestion- breaking down using hydrochloric acid and pepsin

Ruggae- muscular folds in the lining of the stomach

Question 9

What is the function of the duodenum?

Answer 9

• emulsifies fat using bile

* finishes digestion

Question 10

What are the functiona of the small and large intestines

Answer 10

Small Intestine:
Absoption of nutrients
Lined with villi

Villi- tiny fingerlike projections lining the inside of the small intestine that increase the surface area maximizing absorption

Large Intestine:
Absorption of water
Carries waste to rectum

Question 11

What are the functions of the rectum and anus?

Answer 11

Rectum:
Stores feces before they are excreted

Anus:
Excretes feces

Question 12

What are the acessory organs and how do they aid in digestion?

Answer 12

Liver:
Produces bile which emulsifies fat in the duodenum

Gall bladder:
Stores bile

Pancreas:
Produces insulin
Produces enzymes that break down carbs proteins lipids and nucleic acids
Produces bicarbonate

Question 13

Explain blood clotting

Answer 13

• if its internal its a hematoma
• platelets clump at a rupture and release clotting factor
• clotting factor release fibrin which causes red blood cells to stick clotting the rupture

Question 14

What does it mean for a clot to embolize?

Answer 14

When a clot is a regular clot it is known as a thrombus

If the thrombus breaks off and fills with air it is known as and embolus

Question 15

Why does the left ventricle have thicker walls then the right ventricle?

Answer 15

Because the left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the body

Question 16

What is the excretory function of the lungs?

Answer 16

To excrete co2

Question 17

Why do ventricles have thicker walls then atriums?

Answer 17

Because they pump blood outside the heart

Question 18

What are the 2 main functions of the kidney

Answer 18

Reabsorption:
•small proteins known as transporters grab molecules of filtrate
•some are active transport others are passive

Filtration:
•20% of blood gets filtered under pressure through the walls of the glomerulus
• filtered through water, sodium potassium and chloride ions, glucose, and small proteins

Question 19

What is the function of the skin?

Answer 19

Excretes eater salt and small amounts of urea through sweat

Question 20

What is the excretory function if the liver?

Answer 20

Processes ammonia converting it to urea

Question 21

What do ureters do?

Answer 21

Carries urine from the kidneys to the urethra/ urinary bladder

Question 22

What is the function of the bowman’s capsule?

Answer 22

Contains the glomerulus

Site if initial diffusion of water and metabolic waste

Question 23

What is the function of the urinary bladder?

Answer 23

Holds urine until excreted through the urethra

Question 24

What does the urethra do?

Answer 24

Excretes water salt urea and heat and ammonia in the form of urine

Question 25

What does the nephron do?

Answer 25

Filters water salt heat urea and ammonia

Question 26

What is the function of the glomerulus?

Answer 26

Ball of capillaries inside bowman’s capsule

Question 27

What is atherosclerosis

Answer 27

Atherosclerosis is the hardening of artery walls due to deposits of plaque inside the crevices of the artery wall

Question 28

What is arteriosclerosis

Answer 28

Arterisclerosis is the exposure of the plaque deposits from atherosclerosis in the blood stream