Plant Kingdom🟡 Flashcards
Name few members of plant kingdom who are partially heterotrophic
such as the insectivorous plants or parasites
Bladderwort and Venus fly trap are examples of insectivorous plants and Cuscuta is a parasite
Tell basic morphological and other characteristics of Algae
tell about Morphology, symbiotic associations, different forms and size, other affects on environment, etc
- Chlorophyll bearing, SImple, thalloid, autotrophic and largly aquatic (fresh/ marine)
- Symbiotic association with fungi (lichens) and animal (ex- sloth bear)
- Different form and size - Colonial (Volvox) and Filamentous (Ulothrix, Spirogyra) and some massive plant body (kelp)
- Atleast 1/2 of total CO2 is fixed by algae on earth
- they can increase the level of dissolved O2 in their immediate envionment
- Chlorella: Unicellular alga rich in proteins used as food suplement even by space travellers
many species of __________(red), __________ and __________ (both brown) are among the 70 species of Marine algae used as food
many species of Porphyra (red), Laminaria and Sargassum (both brown) are among the 70 species of Marine algae used as food
Brown and Red algae produce large amount of hydrocolloids
give examples
eg- Algin (brown algae), carrageen (red algae)
Agar commercial product obtained from ___________ and ___________ (both red) are used to _____________ and _________________
Agar commercial product obtained from Gelidium and Gracilarium (both red) are used to grow microbes and in preparation of ice cream and jellies
What type of reproduction is shown by Algae? give example of each
They reproduce by Vegetative, Asexual ( by different spores like zoorspore) and Sexual
Sexual is of three types based on the gamete that fuse -
Isogamous: Maybe flagellated (Ulothrix) or non flagellated (Spirogyra) but similar in size
AnIsogamous: Fusion of 2 gametes dissimilar in size (Eudorina)
Oogamous:Fusion b/w one large non motile and a small motile gamete (Volvox, Fucus)
Name the Pigments that are dominant in Green, Brown and Red Algae
Chlorophyceae: Chlorophyll A and B, localised in definite chloroplasts
Phaeophyceae: They possess chlorophyll a, c, carotenoids and xanthophylls (fucoxanthin)
colour (olive green to various shades of brown) depends upon the amount of fucoxanthin, a xanthophyll pigment present in them
Rhodophyceae: predominance of the red pigment,
r-phycoerythrin and Chlorophyll a and d
How is food stored in Green, Brown and Red Algae?
Chlorophyceae: have one or more storage bodies called pyrenoids located in the chloroplasts.
Pyrenoids contain protein and starch.
Some algae may store food in the form of oil droplets.
Phaeophyceae: Food is stored as complex carbohydrates, which may be in the form of laminarin or mannitol.
Rhodophyceae: food is stored as floridean starch
which is very similar to amylopectin and glycogen in structure
What is cell wall of Green, Brown and Red algae is made of?
Chlorophyceae: inner layer of cellulose
and an outer layer of pectose
Phaeophyceae: Cellulose and algin
Rhodophyceae: Cellulose, pectin and poly sulphate esters
what are habitats of Green, Brown and Red Algae
Chlorophyceae: Fresh water, brackish water,
salt water
Phaeophyceae: Fresh water(rare), Salt water
Rhodophyceae: Fresh water(some), Salt water (most)
tell the examples of Chlorophyll
Ex - Ulothrix, Spirogyra, Eudrina, Volvox, Chlamydomonas and chara
tell the examples of Phaeophyceae and how it reproduces and about its flagella
Ex - Ectocarpus, Dictyota, Laminaria, Sargassum, kelp and Fucus
Vegetative reproduction: fragmentation
Asexual reproduction: biflagellate zoospores
Sexual reproduction: isogamous, anisogamous or oogamous.
zoospores and gametes are pyriform (pear-shaped) and have two unequal laterally attached flagella.
tell the examples of Rhodophyceae and how it reproduces and about its flagella
Ex - Polysiphonia, Porphyra, Gracilaria and Gelidium
Vegetative reproduction: fragmentation
Asexual reproduction: non-motile spores
Sexual reproduction: non-motile gametes
Sexual reproduction is oogamous and accompanied by complex post fertilisation developments
Bryophytes
To be continued
