PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Question 1

DEVELOPMENT

Answer 1

attainment of size by virtue of growth and architectural style by morphogenesis
=> differentiation of cells into tissues, organs and organisms

Question 2

ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT

Answer 2

1) growth
2) differentiation
3) organization

Question 3

GROWTH

Answer 3

1) irreversible increase of cell number, dry mass or weight
2) increase in size does not mean increase in growth

Question 4

GROWTH CURVE

Answer 4

1) lag
2) logarithmic
3) stationary

Question 5

DIFFERENTIATION

Answer 5

1) orderly processes where genetically identical cells become different
=> formation of specialized tissues and organs
2) controlled by developmental genes

Question 6

DEDIFFERENTIATION

Answer 6

1) reversal of cell specialization
2) important in injury repair
=> cell near damaged sites become totipotent and reprogram development

Question 7

ORGANIZATION

Answer 7

orientation and integration of differentiated cells in space together

Question 8

MORPHOGENESIS

Answer 8

consequent attainment of form and structure of the complete organism

Question 9

FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT

Answer 9

1) growth
2) differentiation
3) pattern formation
4) morphogenesis

Question 10

CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANISMS

Answer 10

synthesize relatively simple substances from environment to complex substances

Question 11

CELL DIVISION

Answer 11

1) complex process in multicellular organisms
2) localization of growth at cellular level

Question 12

STRUCTURES INVOLVED IN PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Answer 12

1) embryo
=> cotyledons, shoots, root apical meristems
2) meristems
=> shoot, axillary root (apical, lateral), floral, cambiums (cork, vascular)

Question 13

MERISTEMS

Answer 13

1) embryonic region where plant grows
2) site of repeated cell division of unspecialized cells
=> resulting to specialized cells

Question 14

TYPES OF MERISTEMS

Answer 14

1) apical
2) lateral
3) intercalary

Question 15

APICAL MERISTEMS

Answer 15

1) tips of roots and shoot
2) site of primary growth

Question 16

LATERAL MERISTEMS

Answer 16

1) side portions arising from cambium
2) responsible for secondary thickening of stem and roots

Question 17

INTERCALARY MERISTEMS

Answer 17

1) inserted between regions of differentiated tissues

Question 18

TYPES OF GROWTH

Answer 18

1) indeterminate
2) determinate

Question 19

INDETERMINATE
(TYPES OF GROWTH)

Answer 19

1) rice, winged bean
2) permanently embryonic apical meristems of roots and stems over long periods

Question 20

DETERMINATE
(TYPES OF GROWTH)

Answer 20

1) corn, rice, mungbean
2) leaves, flowers and fruits are embryonic for limited period before reaching maturity
3) precise morphology and definite number of parts

Question 21

INTERNAL GROWTH MECHANISMS

Answer 21

1) correlation effect
2) organ differentiation

Question 22

CORRELATION EFFECT

Answer 22

regulatory effect of one plant part to growth of another

Question 23

ORGAN DIFFERENTIATION

Answer 23

1) directly proportional relationship on shoot number and root size
2) reduction in vegetative growth during fruiting
3) induced fruit growth by hormones of developing seeds