MINERAL NUTRITION

Question 1

PLANTS

Answer 1

1) autotrophic
2) soil miners
=> required to obtain all other elements from the soil

Question 2

NUTRIENT

Answer 2

1) any substance metabolized by organisms to give energy and build tissue
=> for growth and development
2) source of nourishment

Question 3

CATEGORIES OF PLANT NUTRIENTS

Answer 3

1) based on function
=> essential
=> beneficial
2) based on amount required
=> macronutrients
=> micronutrients
3) based on mobility
=> mobile
=> immobile

Question 4

CRITERIA FOR ESSENTIALITY
(MINERAL NUTRITION)

Answer 4

1) required to complete plant’s life cycle
2) function must not be replaceable by another element
3) must act directly in the metabolism of plant

Question 5

FUNCTION OF ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS

Answer 5

1) structural (components of biomolecules)
=> N, P, Ca, Mg, S
2) catalytic (co-factor of enzymes)
=> most micronutrients
3) osmotic (cellular hydration regulator)
=> K

Question 6

MACRONUTRIENTS
(CLASSIFICATION BASED ON AMOUNT)

Answer 6

1) required in 1.0-10 mg/g dry matter
=> C,H,O,P,K,Ca,N,S

Question 7

MICRONUTRIENTS
(CLASSIFICATION BASED ON AMOUNT)

Answer 7

1) required in 0.1 mg/g dry matter
=> Cu,Mo,B,Fe,Mn,Zn,Cl

Question 8

BENEFICIAL ELEMENTS

Answer 8

1) promote plant growth but not necessary for completion of life cycle
=> Si,Na,Co,Se

Question 9

DECLINE IN SOIL FERTILITY

Answer 9

1) soil erosion
2) crop removal
3) conversion of nutrients to unavailable form

Question 10

SOIL EROSION
(DECLINE IN SOIL FERTILITY)

Answer 10

1) physical loss and displacement of fertile topsoil
=> geological erosion
=> wind erosion
=> water-borne erosion
=> accelerated erosion (human activity)

Question 11

CONVERSION TO UNAVAILABLE FORMS OF NUTRIENTS

Answer 11

=> formation of insoluble forms
=> microbial mediated transformations
=> volatilization (N)
=> leaching

Question 12

PH FOR ROOT GROWTH

Answer 12

5.5 to 6.5

Question 13

CHLOROSIS
(NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY)

Answer 13

yellowing of leaves due to chlorophyll degredation

Question 14

NECROSIS
(NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY)

Answer 14

death of leaf tissue

Question 15

LACK OF NEW GROWTH
(NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY)

Answer 15

death of terminal or axillary buds and leaves

Question 16

ACCUMULATION OF ANTHOCYANIN
(NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY)

Answer 16

reddish coloration of leaf tissues

Question 17

STUNDED LEAF GROWTH
(NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY)

Answer 17

green, off-green, yellow color leaves

Question 18

MOBILE NUTRIENTS
(CLASSIFICATION BASED ON MOBILITY)

Answer 18

1) deficiency seen in old leaves
=> Mo,N,K,Na,P,Mg,Cl,Zn

Question 19

IMMOBILE NUTRIENTS
(CLASSIFICATION BASED ON MOBILITY)

Answer 19

1) deficiency seen in young leaves
=> Ca,S,Fe,B,Cu

Question 20

ADDRESING NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY

Answer 20

1) establish attainable yield level
2) calculate nutrient requirement
3) use existing nutrients
4) addition of inorganic fertilizers for deficiency

Question 21

EXISTING NUTRIENTS
(ADDRESSING NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY)

Answer 21

1) organic fertilizers
=> manure
=> plant biomass
=> vermicompost
=> fermental plant juice
2) nutrients from irrigation water
3) indigenous soil nutrients