Plant Form and Functions Flashcards
underground part of the plant
root system
above part of the plant
shoot system
first organ to appear when a seed germinates
primary roots
smaller roots that emerge horizontally from the primary root
secondary roots
secures and protects the root tip
root cap
the end of the primary root
root tip
an extension of plant epidermal cells in growing plant roots
root hairs
outer layer of cells that provides protection and helps in absorption
epidermis
serve as a storage area for reserved foods(in plants)
cortex
central region of the root
stele
controls water transport. can be found in stele
casparian strip
boundary between the cortex and the stele
endodermis
support, protect, and functionally assist phloem and xylem cells .function to facilitate and regulate new lateral root growth
Pericycle/Cambium
vascular tissue that transports food and water
Phloem
vascular tissue that transports water and has a one way flow
xylem
carries out basic metabolic functions and stores food and water. cortex and pith
ground tissue
transportation vessel phloem and xylem
vascular bundle
the location on a stem to which a leaf or branch is attached
node
the part of a plant stem between two notes
internode
located in the axle of a leaf. potential to form shoots
lateral bud
a protective tissue
epidermis
tissues that are originally able to regenerate the plant, increase growth
shoot tip
protects the outer layer of the shoot
epidermis
transport and store nutrients and provide support. located outside the ring
cortex
produces new phloem and xylem cells. located between phloem and xylem
cambium
transport and store nutrients and provide support. located inside the ring
pith
the tip of the leaf. water droplets accumulation
apex
the sides of the leaf. reduces water loss
margin
smaller lateral parts connecting to the midrib. transports nutrients throughout the leaf
veins
the middle strand. helps the leaf to keep an upright position.
midrib
part where the leaf attaches to the stem
base
leaf stock that joins a leaf to the stem. provide mechanical support to selfhold or adjust the leaf to the sun
petiole
small leaf wings that attached to the leaf stalk. protect the next leaf or bud as it grows
stipule
allow co2 and oxygen to enter the leaves and excess water to exit the leaves and protects outer layer
upper Epidermis
provide transport pathways for water and nutrients throughout the leaf
vascular bundle
where most of the photosynthesis occurs in the leaf
palisade mesophyll
to allow for the interchange of co2 that is needed for photosynthesis
spongy mesophyll
co2 gateway important for gas exchange
stomata
allows co2 and oxygen to enter the leaf and excess water to exit the leaf protects outer layer
lower epidermis
male parts of the flower and what is it called
stamen: answer and filament
produces pollen
anther
support for anther
filament
female parts of a flower and what is it called
pistil: stigma style and ovary
modified leaves that have unique shape and color to attract pollinators
petals
protects the flower before it opens
sepal
sticky bulb that catches pollen grains
stigma
passageway for pollen
style
part of the pistil that holds the eg awaiting fertilization
ovary
the small egg that grows into a seed after fertilization
ovule
a stem that supports a single flower and transports food and water
pedicle
controls relationship between the external environment and the embryo
hilum
helps absorb water at the time of germination of the seed
micropyle
provides support and nutrition to the developing plant embryo
cotyledon
to protect the embryo and to transmit information regarding the external environment
seed coat
parts of embryo
hypocotyl, epicotyl, radicle
supplies nutrients, protects and controls embryo growth. mechanical barrier
endosperm
outer layer of a fruit
Exocarp
middle layer of a fruit
Mesocarp
Innermost layer of the pericarp
Endocarp
Parts of pericarp
endocarp, mesocarp. and exocarp
