Phyla Flashcards
The study of anatomical forms and structures with emphasis on characteristics useful ib distinguishung the species
Morphoanatomy
Divides an organism into moreor image halves
Bilateral Symmetry
The organism can be divided into similar halves by passing a plane at any angle along a central axis
Radial Symmetry
Not identical on both sides of a central line
Asymmetry
Anatomical terms of direction
Cranial(top) Caudal(bottom) Dorsal(back) Ventral(front)
Anterior(front) Posterior(back)
Major animal groups
Phylum Porifera, Phylum Cnidaria, Worm Phyla (Platyhelninthes, nematoda, annelida) Phylum Mollusca, Phylum Echinodermata, Phylum Anthropoda, Phylum Chordata
Phylum Porifera is made up of 3 main parts, what are these?
Ostia(In), osculum(out), and spongocoel(central cavity)
Phylum Porifera has what type of symmetry?
Asymmetrical
A large central cavity of sponges
Spongocoel
Tiny pores in sponges
ostia
Exit of a sponge
Osculum
Each of the small needlelike or sharp-pointed structure of calcute or silica that make uo the skeleton of a sponce
Spicules
Different sizes of a spicule
Megascleres and microscleres
Different shapes of spicule
Demospongiae, Sclerospongiae, Calcera, Hexactinellida
Most diverse type of spicule shape. Made of spongin (a protein) or silica (a mineral) or both
Demospongiae
Soft body covered in skeleton made of calcium carbonate, either aragonite or calcite
Sclerospongiae
Calcareous sponges, characterized by spicules made out of calcium carbonate
Calcarea
Glass sponges, spicules are made of silica
Hexactinellida
Two life stages of Cnidaria
Polyp form and Medusa form
Symmetry of Cnidaria
Radial Symmetry
an opening where food and waste exits (in cnidaria)
Mouth
Three layers of a Cnidarias body
Ectoderm, Endoderm, and Mesoglea
A slender flexible limb or appendage in an animal, especially around the mouth of an invertebrate used for grasping, moving about, or bearing sense organs
Tentacle
The space in a Cnidarians body which the food is being digested
Gastrovascular cavity
Ectoderm is called the __________ which covers their body
Epidermis
Mesoderm is called the _________ which is nonliving, contains water and fluids
Mesoglea
This is where the polyp attaches its body to a substrate
Basal disc
The specialized cells in cnidarians also known as stinging cells
Cnidocytes
Cnidarians are split into 4 classes
Cubozoa, Scyphozoa, Anthozoa, and Hydrozoa
Worm Phylas types
Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) , Nematoda (Roundworms), Annelid (Segmented worms)
A worm whose body is flattened, has definitive head and tail region.
Phylum Platyhelminthes
A worm with long, smooth, and unsegmented bodies
Phylum Nematoda
Its body is segmented internally and externally
Phylum Annelida
Snails. shellfish, ousters, clans, octopus, squids, and cuttlefish are examples of
Phylum Mollusca
Characteristics of mollusks
Body is soft, unsegmented and has strong muscular foot (in snails and shellfish) Shell can be external (in snails and shellfish) or internal (in octopus)
sea stars, sea cucumber, sea urchins, brittle stars, and sea lilies are examples of
Phylum Echinodermata
Its body is covered with a spiny surface, with an internal skeleton inside their body
Phylum Echinodermata
Classes of Phylum Echinodermata
Echinoidea (Sea urchins), Holothuroidea (Sea cucumbers), Crinoidea (Sea lilies), Asteroidea (Sea stars)
Insects, crustaceans, spiders, scorpions, millipedes, centipedes are examples of
Phylum Arthropoda
The largest of the phyla of the kingdom animalia
Phylum Arthropoda
Classes of Phylum Arthropoda
Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea, Hexapoda
Arthropods without jaws
Chelicerata
Multi-segmented arthropods
Myriapoda
An arthopod with a segmented body, covered with carapace
Crustacea
a subclass of arthropods that are divided into two subclasses
Hexapoda
Two subclasses of hexapoda
Apterygota (wingless insects) and Pterygota (winged insects)
An arthropod has 3 main parts:
Head, Thorax, and Abdomen
A part of arthropod with eyes, antennae, and mouthparts
Head
A part of arthropods with legs and wings
Thorax
what are the characteristics of a phylum chordata
single hollow nerve cord. notocord, pharyngeal slits, post anal tail ,segmentation
it differentiates into brain and spinal cord in vertebrates
nerve cord
flexible rod on the dorsal side of gut, present at one stage in all chordates
notocord
connect pharynx with outside gills in sharks,
pharyngeal slits
extends beyond anus; present altleast in embryo; regresses into tailbone in humas
postanal tail
reflected in arragement of muscles and in vertebral column
segmentation
most species within this phylum have backbones
Phylum Chordata
what are the seven main classes of the phylum chordata
Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia
this group of animals include sharks and rays
class chondrichthyes (kan-drik-thees)
this group of animals include the usual marine and freshwater fish
class osteichthyes (oste-ich-thees)
these group of animals includes salamanders, newts, frogs, toads, and caecilians
class amphibia
what are the characteristics of amphibians
moist, scaless skin and the fact that they are cold blooded
this group of animals include alligators crocodiles lizards iguanas chameleons turtles tortoises snakes cobras and vipers
reptiles
what are the characteristics of a reptile
-cold blooded
-ability to regulate their inner body temperature to environment.
-scaly skins with surface cells filled with keratin
-absence of hair or fur
this group of animals include flying and nonflying birds
aves
what are the characteristics of birds
feathers that cover their body, wings, lightweight skeleton, endothermic lungs with air sacs, beak
what does endothermic mean
warm blooded
what are the characteristics of mammals
contain mammary glands, hair, jaw and ear bones, 4 chambered heart and diaphragm, complex brain functions
